Table 3.

All-cause mortality associations in unipolar depression [2366 deaths out of an overall sample of 20 320 people (11.6%)]

		Deaths (%)	Ratea	(95% CI)	Crude Hazard Ratio			Adjusted Hazard Ratiob
					HR	(95% CI)	p value	HR	(95% CI)	p value
Ethnicity	White British	14.2	31.7	(30.3–33.1)	1.00	REF	.	1.00	REF	.
	Irish	19.2	41.0	(34.8–48.3)	1.28	1.08–1.51	0.0049	0.88	0.74–1.04	0.14
	Black Caribbean	5.2	11.3	(9.7–13.3)	0.36	0.30–0.42	<0.0001	0.62	0.53–0.74	<0.0001
	Black African	2.4	5.1	(3.8–6.8)	0.16	0.12–0.22	<0.0001	0.53	0.39–0.72	<0.0001
	South Asian	7.2	16.2	(12.4–21.2)	0.51	0.39–0.68	<0.0001	0.69	0.52–0.90	0.007
	Chinese	4.3	10.4	(4.3–24.9)	0.33	0.14–0.78	0.012	0.65	0.27–1.57	0.34
Sex	Female	10.5	22.7	(21.5–23.9)	1.00	REF	.	1.00	REF	.
	Male	13.7	31.3	(29.5–33.3)	1.81c	1.57–2.08	<0.0001	1.94c	1.68–2.24	<0.0001
Relationship status	Married/cohabiting	15.3	28.1	(25.6–30.9)	1.00	REF	.	1.00	REF	.
	Divorced/separated	10.2	20.7	(18.3–23.3)	0.72	0.62–0.85	<0.0001	0.99	0.84–1.15	0.86
	Single	5.5	11.8	(10.9–12.8)	0.41	0.36–0.47	<0.0001	1.17	1.03–1.33	0.019
	Widowed	48.5	127.0	(118.7–135.9)	4.29	3.82–4.81	<0.0001	1.35	1.20–1.53	<0.0001
	Civil partnership	11.0	39.1	(34.2–44.6)	1.26	1.07–1.48	0.0057	1.31	1.11–1.54	0.001
Comorbid anxiety	No comorbid anxiety	12.0	26.5	(25.5–27.6)	1.00	REF	.	1.00	REF	.
	Comorbid anxiety	6.9	15.0	(12.1–18.5)	0.57	0.46–0.71	<0.0001	0.72	0.58–0.89	0.003
Substance misuse	No alcohol/substance misuse	12.3	27.3	(26.1–28.4)	1.00	REF	.	1.00	REF	.
	Alcohol/substance misuse	8.0	16.6	(14.5–19.1)	0.61	0.53–0.70	<0.0001	1.18	1.01–1.37	0.035
Area level deprivation	Most deprived fifth	11.9	25.5	(23.3–27.9)	1.05	1.02–1.08	<0.0001d	0.96	0.93–0.99	0.004d
		11.0	23.8	(21.7–26.2)
		10.5	23.1	(21.0–25.5)
		11.0	24.5	(22.3–26.9)
	Least deprived fifth	14.0	32.0	(29.6–34.7)

^aCrude rates per 1000 person-years.

^bAdjusted for age and all other variables in table, with an interaction between sex and time in study.

^cBaseline hazard ratio (at 0–1 years), (see online Supplementary Table S1).

^dLinear trend association with mortality, per increase in area-level deprivation (fifths).

p values are from Wald tests.