Table 4.
Natural cause mortalitya in unipolar depression [1999 deaths out of an overall sample of 20 320 people (9.8%)]
| Deaths (%) | Rateb | (95% CI) | Crude sHR | Adjusted sHRc | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sHR | (95% CI) | p value | sHR | (95% CI) | p value | |||||
| Ethnicity | White British | 12.0 | 26.8 | (25.6–28.1) | REF | REF | ||||
| Irish | 16.7 | 35.6 | (29.9–42.4) | 1.32 | (1.10–1.57) | 0.0003 | 0.96 | (0.82–1.13) | 0.60 | |
| Black Caribbean | 4.6 | 9.9 | (8.4–11.7) | 0.37 | (0.31–0.44) | <0.0001 | 0.68 | (0.57–0.80) | <0.0001 | |
| Black African | 1.7 | 3.6 | (2.6–5.1) | 0.14 | (0.10–0.19) | <0.0001 | 0.47 | (0.33–0.66) | <0.0001 | |
| South Asian | 5.7 | 12.8 | (9.5–17.3) | 0.48 | (0.35–0.65) | <0.0001 | 0.70 | (0.53–0.94) | 0.016 | |
| Chinese | 2.6 | 6.2 | (2.0–19.3) | 0.23 | (0.07–0.72) | 0.011 | 0.43 | (0.14–1.36) | 0.15 | |
| Sex | Female | 8.8 | 19.1 | (18.0–20.3) | REF | REF | ||||
| Male | 11.6 | 26.6 | (24.9–28.4) | 1.37 | (1.26–1.50) | <0.0001 | 1.48 | (1.36–1.61) | <0.0001 | |
| Relationship status | Married/cohabiting | 13.2 | 24.2 | (21.9–26.8) | REF | REF | ||||
| Divorced/separated | 9.0 | 18.2 | (16.0–20.7) | 0.74 | (0.63–0.87) | <0.0001 | 0.88 | (0.76–1.03) | 0.11 | |
| Single | 4.3 | 9.3 | (8.5–10.2) | 0.38 | (0.33–0.43) | <0.0001 | 0.93 | (0.82–1.05) | 0.24 | |
| Widowed | 41.8 | 109.4 | (101.7–117.7) | 4.25 | (3.75–4.81) | <0.0001 | 1.10 | (0.98–1.23) | 0.11 | |
| Civil partnership | 9.5 | 33.7 | (29.2–38.9) | 1.23 | (1.03–1.47) | 0.022 | 0.79 | (0.67–0.93) | 0.005 | |
| Comorbid anxiety | No comorbid anxiety | 10.2 | 22.4 | (21.4–23.4) | REF | REF | ||||
| Comorbid anxiety | 5.8 | 12.7 | (10.1–16.0) | 0.57 | (0.45–0.72) | <0.0001 | 0.74 | (0.59–0.93) | 0.008 | |
| Substance misuse | No alcohol/substance misuse | 10.4 | 23.2 | (22.2–24.3) | REF | REF | ||||
| Alcohol/substance misuse | 6.1 | 12.8 | (10.9–14.9) | 0.57 | (0.49–0.67) | <0.0001 | 1.12 | (0.95–1.31) | 0.17 | |
| Area level deprivation | Most deprived fifth | 9.9 | 21.3 | (19.3–23.5) | 1.05 | (1.02–1.09) | 0.001d | 0.96 | (0.93–0.99) | 0.003d |
| 9.5 | 20.6 | (18.6–22.8) | ||||||||
| 8.7 | 19.3 | (17.4–21.5) | ||||||||
| 9.2 | 20.4 | (18.4–22.6) | ||||||||
| Least deprived fifth | 12.0 | 27.4 | (25.1–29.9) | |||||||
a
Sub-hazard ratios (sHRs) for mortality from natural-causes competing with unnatural-causes.
b
Crude rates per 1000 person-years.
c
Adjusted for age and all other variables in table.
d
Linear trend association with mortality, per increase in area-level deprivation (fifths).
p values are from Wald tests.