Table VI.
Summary of experimental studies investigating effects of pharmaceutical exposure in human fetal testis tissue.
| Model and regimen | Results | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Model | Fetal age (weeks) | Dose | Route | Regimen | Supplemented | Testosterone | AMH | INSL3 | Germ cells | Study | Comments |
| DES | In-vitro | 6–12 | 10−6 to 10−5 M | Media | 72 h | Nil | ↔ | N-Tumba Byn (2012) | ||||
| Xenograft | 15–19 | 100 ug | Subcut. | 3×/wk for 35 d | hCG | ↔* | Mitchell et al. (2013) | *↑ SV (60%) | ||||
| Metformin | In-vitro | 10–12 | 5 × (10−5 to 10−3) M | Media | 72 h | n/a | ↓ (30–70%)** | Tartarin et al. (2012) | **5 × 10−5 and 5 × 10−3 M | |||
| Abiraterone | Xenograft | 16–22 | 75mg/kg/day | Oral | 14 d | hCG | ↓ (80%)** | ↔ | Spade et al. (2014) | ***↓ SV (45%) | ||
| Ketoconazole | In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−7 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↔ | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | ||||
| In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−6 to 10−5 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↓ (50–90%) | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | |||||
| In-vitro | 8–12 | 10−5 M | Media | 24–72 h | hCG | ↓ (20–90%) | ↓ (65%)# | ↓ (90%) | Mazaud-Guittot et al. (2013) | #72 h | ||
| Theophylline | In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−7 to 10−5 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↓ (30–40%) | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | ||||
| Valproate | In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−7 to 10−6 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↔ | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | ||||
| In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−5 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↓ (65%) | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | |||||
| Clomiphene | In-vitro | 10–12 | 10−6 to 10−5 M | Media | 96 h | hCG | ↓ (25–65%) | Gaudriault et al. (2017) | ||||
Significant effects associated with adverse outcomes are highlighted in red, no change or significant effects not expected to result in adverse outcomes are highlighted in green.