Table 3.
Examples of GEM for melanoma.
| Animal | Gene modified | Function/goal | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zebrafish |
BRAFV600E; p53-deficient |
Study the genetic basis of melanoma initiation and development, | (140) |
| Zebrafish |
NRASQ61K; p53-deficient |
Study the genetic basis of melanoma pathogenesis | (141) |
| Zebrafih | HRASG12V | Study the molecular basis of melanoma formation and progression | (142) |
| Zebrafish | HRASG12V | Provide a link between kita expressing melanocyte progenitors and melanoma and offer the advantage of a larval phenotype suitable for large scale drug and genetic modifier screen | (143) |
| Zebrafish |
GNAQQ209P; p53-deficient |
Study the correlation between oncogenic GNAQQ209P mutation and sustained ERK1/2-MAPK activation | (144) |
| Mouse |
HRASG12V; p53-deficient |
Study the genetic basis of melanomagenesis | (145) |
| Mouse |
NRASQ61K; INK4a-deficient |
Obtain a novel mouse model with melanotic and metastasizing melanoma | (146) |
| Mouse | BRAFV600E, INK4A/Arf-deficient | Produce a pre-clinical model of mutant BRAF function in melanoma | (147) |
| Mouse | HGF/SF-Tg | Study the genetic basis of melanoma formation and progression | (148) |
| Mouse |
BRAFCA; Cdkn2alox/lox; PTENlox/lox |
Study the mechanisms driving melanoma metastasis | (149) |