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. 2019 May 10;3(7):867–882. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1364

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© 2019 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Proliferation–apoptosis balance in early‐stage ALD in actively drinking patients. (A) Representative immunohistochemistry of Ki‐67, immunofluorescence of cyclin D, Stat3, and cleaved caspase 3 showing a low proliferation, high apoptosis (upper panel), and high proliferation, low apoptosis group (lower panel). Stat3 was sequestered in the cytosol of low proliferators, but co‐localized with cyclin D in the nucleus of high proliferators. (B) Quantification of Ki‐67 expression confirming the presence of a high, intermediate, and low proliferation group. P values refer to the low (*) and intermediate ($) proliferation group. (C) Caspase 3 activity in liver lysates of controls and patients with high cleaved caspase 3 nuclear expression confirming increased apoptosis. (D) Increased blood levels of the apoptotic cytokeratin 18 fragments M30 confirming the presence of a high and low apoptosis group. P value compares to the low apoptosis group and to controls. Abbreviation: DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phénylindole.