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. 2019 Jun 17;2019:8302950. doi: 10.1155/2019/8302950

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Copyright © 2019 Jia Lu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Diagram illustrating a model for how FSS might attenuate Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies via the gut-liver-brain axis in APP/PS1 AD mice. FSS might operate via the gut-liver-brain axis to regulate AP activity and gut bacterial populations, attenuate Aβ, LPS-related systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress (MDA), thereby alleviating AD-related pathologies in APP/PS1 AD mice. We hypothesize that FSS might improve the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier and blood-brain barrier, thereby ameliorating AD-related pathologies. Aβ: amyloid-β; AP: alkaline phosphatase; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; MDA: malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation products; AD: Alzheimer's disease.