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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2017 Jan 12;176:175–182. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.032

Table 3.

Association of Wave 1 parental education with Wave 3 marijuana use and mediation by Wave 2 alternative reinforcement.

Total Effect Component Paths Mediation:
SES → Alt. Reinf. → Marijuana Use
SES → Marijuana Usea SES → Alt. Reinf.b Alt. Reinf. → Outcome Controlling for SESc Indirect effect Direct effect Percentage of total effect mediated
β(95% CI) β(95% CI) β(95% CI) β(95% CI) β(95% CI)
Mediator: Pleasant Events Schedule Product Score
Initial model −0.192 (−0.323, −0.062)** 0.056 (0.027, 0.086)† −0.360 (−0.510, −0.210)† −0.020 (−0.035, −0.008)* −0.167 (−0.299, −0.034)** 10.4%
Adjustedd −0.168 (−0.302, −0.034)* 0.054 (0.015, 0.092)** −0.342 (−0.482, −0.202)† −0.018 (−0.035, −0.005)* −0.139 (−0.276, −0.002)* 10.7%
Mediator: Pleasant Events Schedule Frequency Rating
Initial model −0.192 (−0.323, −0.062)** 0.061 (0.031, 0.091)† −0.218 (−0.347, −0.088)** −0.013 (−0.025, −0.004)* −0.174 (−0.303, −0.044)** 6.8%
Adjustedd −0.168 (−0.302, −0.034)* 0.054 (0.020, 0.088)** −0.198 (−0.325, −0.071)** −0.011 (−0.022, −0.002)* −0.150 (−0.285, −0.014)* 6.5%
Mediator: Pleasant Events Schedule Enjoyment Rating
Initial model −0.192 (−0.323, −0.062)** 0.045 (0.028, 0.061)† −0.399 (−0.521, −0.276)† −0.018 (−0.027, −0.010)* −0.168 (−0.300, −0.036)* 9.4%
Adjustedd −0.168 (−0.302, −0.034)* 0.039 (0.018,0.061)*** −0.386 (−0.506, −0.266)† −0.016 (−0.027, −0.006)* −0.137 (−0.274, −0.001)* 9.5%

Note. Students from Los Angeles, CA area high schools participating in the Happiness & Health Study in 2013 and 2014. SES = Socioeconomic status as indicated by highest parental education. Alt Reinf. = Alternative Reinforcers as assessed by a Modified Pleasant Events Schedule. Marijuana Use = Use of any marijuana product in the prior six months. β(95% CI) = Standardized parameter estimate with 95% confidence interval for regressor estimate from Generalized Estimating Equation model accounting for nesting of data within school. Each model uses the overall sample with marijuana data, N = 2536.

*

p < 0.05.

**

p < 0.01.

***

p < 0.001.

†

p < 0.0001.

a

Association of Wave 1 SES with Wave 3 marijuana use controlling for Wave 1 marijuana use.

b

Association of Wave 1 SES with alternative reinforcement at Wave 2 adjusting for Wave 1 alternative reinforcement (“a” path).

c

Association of Wave 2 alternative reinforcement with Wave 3 marijuana use controlling for Wave 1 SES and marijuana use (“b” path).

d

Models are adjusted for gender, ethnicity/race, and living situation.