Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypertensive disorders in first pregnancy and cardiovascular disease risk factors
| Hypertensive Disorder in First Pregnancy Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normotensive Pregnancy | Gestational Hypertension | Preeclampsia | |
| Chronic Hypertension | |||
| Cases/Person-years | 16,610/1,459,370 | 979/35,568 | 1,922/84,317 |
| Excess cases per 10,000 person-years | --- | 161 | 122 |
| Median age at development (IQR), years* | 50 (45, 54) | 45 (40, 50) | 46 (40, 51) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 3.18 (2.98, 3.39) | 2.45 (2.34, 2.57) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.79 (2.61, 2.97) | 2.21 (2.10, 2.32) |
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | |||
| Cases/Person-years | 3,137/1,691,624 | 187/49,948 | 435/112,344 |
| Excess cases per 10,000 person-years | --- | 19 | 20 |
| Median age at development (IQR), years* | 53 (48, 57) | 52 (47, 56) | 51 (46, 56) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 2.14 (1.84, 2.48) | 2.18 (1.98, 2.42) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.65 (1.42, 1.91) | 1.75 (1.58, 1.93) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | |||
| Cases/Person-years | 29,253/1,350,512 | 1,074/38,045 | 2,279/85,378 |
| Excess cases per 10,000 person-years | --- | 66 | 50 |
| Median age at development (IQR), years* | 47 (40, 53) | 46 (40, 52) | 45 (38, 52) |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.43 (1.34, 1.52) | 1.35 (1.29, 1.40) |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.36 (1.28, 1.45) | 1.31 (1.25, 1.36) |
IQR = interquartile range. Model 1 is adjusted for age at first birth (years), age in 1989 (years), race/ethnicity (African-American, Latina, Asian, Caucasian (ref), other), and parental education (<9, 9–11, 12, 13–15, ≥16 years (ref)). Model 2 is additionally adjusted for physical activity at ages 18–22 (never, 1–3 (ref), 4–6, 7–9, 10–12 mo/yr), pre-pregnancy smoking (never (ref), past, current), pre-pregnancy BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.9 (ref), 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption (none (ref), ≤1 drink/week, 2–6/week, ≥1/day), pre-pregnancy Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score (quintiles with the fifth quintile (ref) representing the healthiest diet category), pre-pregnancy oral contraceptive use (never (ref), <2, 2-<4, ≥4 years), and family history of chronic hypertension (yes/no; chronic hypertension model only) and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes/no; type 2 diabetes mellitus model only).
P-value <0.001 from a global test of the difference in the distribution of age at risk factor development between hypertensive disorder in first pregnancy exposure groups