Figure 4.

Dopaminergic encoding of effortful costs is compromised in Q175 mice. A, Mean dopamine concentration (+SEM) following reward delivery divided into thirds of the PR session. B, Mean dopamine concentration (+SEM) aligned to the last trial increased with escalating costs as WT mice (n = 8), but not Q175 mice (n = 12), reached their respective breakpoints. C, WT mice exerted more effort but (D) incurred similar temporal costs versus Q175 mice. E, Temporal costs correlated with the amount of dopamine released by reward in WT, but not Q175 mice. F, Effortful costs correlated with the amount of dopamine released by reward in WT and Q175 mice. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05 versus WT (within-group comparison). ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01, #p < 0.05 versus Q175 (between-group comparison).