Table 4.
Functional connectivity of the anterior insula with regions of interest during uncontrollable and controllable stimulation and of the “reversed” analyses based on the prior results
| Brain region | Cluster size (no. of voxels) | Connectivity | Z-score peak | MNI peak coordinates (mm) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | ||||
| Uncontrollable pain; insula seed | ||||||
| amPFC | 185 | Positive | 3.14 | 8 | 58 | 10 |
| Perigenual ACC | 243 | Positive | 3.22 | −10 | 38 | −8 |
| Uncontrollable pain; amPFC seed (“reversed” PPI) | ||||||
| pgACC/dorsal ACC | 577 | Positive | 3.57 | 2 | 40 | 14 |
| Insula/frontal operculum | 408 | Positive | 3.91 | −34 | 18 | 8 |
| Insula/frontal operculum | 383 | Positive | 3.90 | 34 | 14 | 12 |
| Uncontrollable pain; perigenual ACC seed (“reversed” PPI) | ||||||
| Insula/frontal operculum | 775 | Positive | 4.09 | 36 | 12 | 14 |
| Inferior parietal lobule | 212 | Positive | 4.01 | 62 | −32 | 36 |
| Uncontrollable warm; insula seed | ||||||
| ACC | 181 | Positive | 3.40 | 8 | 28 | 30 |
| Uncontrollable warm; ACC seed (“reversed” PPI) | ||||||
| SI/postcentral gyrus | 363 | Positive | 3.91 | −32 | −36 | 40 |
| Controllable pain; insula seed | ||||||
| dlPFC | 359 | Negative | 3.51 | 34 | 58 | 22 |
| dlPFC | 193 | Negative | 3.16 | 42 | 16 | 34 |
| Controllable pain; dlPFC seed (“reversed” PPI) | ||||||
| Thalamus | 888 | Negative | 3.87 | 8 | −22 | 16 |
| Controllable warm; insula (seed) | ||||||
| dlPFC | 200 | Negative | 3.51 | 34 | 58 | 22 |
Listed are brain areas in which functional connectivity was significant on a voxel-based threshold of Z > 2.3, corrected for spatial extent across ROIs at a cluster level of p < 0.05. The ROIs for the PPI analysis with the insula seed were medial PFC, amygdala, PAG, and dlPFC. The ROIs for the “reversed” PPIs consisted of pain-processing brain regions. amPFC, anteromedial prefrontal cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; pgACC, perigenual ACC; SI, primary somatosensory cortex; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.