Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients
| VLSM analysis (n = 77) of Helsinki and Turku patients |
VBM analysis (n = 47) of Helsinki patients |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amusic (n = 49) | NA (n = 28) | p value | NRA (n = 16) | RA (n = 13) | NA (n = 18) | p value | |
| Demographic | |||||||
| Gender (male/female) | 26/23 | 17/11 | 0.51 (χ2) | 6/10 | 7/6 | 12/6 | 0.24 (χ2) |
| Age (years) | 59.9 (10.6) | 55.8 (10.3) | 0.09 (t) | 62.2 (7.7) | 58.5 (5.4) | 56.6 (9.9) | 0.13 (F) |
| Education (years) | 10.6 (3.7) | 13.6 (3.1) | <0.001 (t) | 9.6 (2.6) | 9.8 (4.2) | 13.2 (3.1) | 0.003 (F) |
| Music background (prestroke) | |||||||
| Formal music traininga | 0.04 (0.29) | 0.11 (0.58) | 0.65 (U) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.19 (0.68) | 0.19 (K) |
| Instrument playinga | 1.10 (1.70) | 1.96 (2.25) | 0.11 (U) | 1.46 (1.86) | 1.26 (1.94) | 1.30 (1.81) | 0.90 (K) |
| Music listening prior to strokeb | 4.8 (2.0) | 3.8 (1.8) | 0.96 (U) | 3.3 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.4) | 3.9 (1.1) | 0.61 (K) |
| Clinical | |||||||
| Aphasia (no/yes)c | 29/20 | 17/11 | 0.89 (χ2) | 10/6 | 10/3 | 11/7 | 0.61 (χ2) |
| BDAE-ASRS | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.9) | 0.51 (U) | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.1) | 4.3 (1.1) | 0.89 (K) |
| MBEA total score percentage | 58.0 (8.6) | 84.3 (6.2) | <0.001 (t) | 57.8 (10.5) | 55.2 (8.8) | 84.9 (7.1) | <0.001 (F) |
| MBEA Rhythm score percentage | 58.1 (12.0) | 82.0 (8.9) | <0.001 (t) | 60.3 (13.8) | 56.0 (12.3) | 84.1 (9.7) | <0.001 (F) |
| MBEA Scale score percentage | 57.8 (12.3) | 86.6 (8.4) | <0.001 (t) | 55.5 (12.6) | 54.4 (8.5) | 85.7 (9.2) | <0.001 (F) |
| Visual neglect (no/yes)d | 26/18 | 28/0 | <0.001 (χ2) | 9/7 | 7/6 | 18/0 | 0.004 (χ2) |
| Other cognitive dysfunction (no/yes)e | 2/47 | 4/24 | 0.11 (χ2) | 0/16 | 1/12 | 2/16 | 0.41 (χ2) |
| Hemiparesis (no/yes) | 11/38 | 8/20 | 0.55 (χ2) | 4/12 | 2/11 | 4/14 | 0.81 (χ2) |
| Lesion laterality (left/right) | 18/31 | 16/12 | 0.08 (χ2) | 8/8 | 3/10 | 10/8 | 0.17 (χ2) |
| Lesion volume in cm3 | 55.8 (43.7) | 25.5 (27.8) | 0.001 (t) | 57.6 (46.4) | 49.2 (35.9) | 25.3 (31.7) | 0.04 (F) |
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated. χ2, χ2 Test; F, one-way ANOVA; K, Kruskal–Wallis test; t, t test; U, Mann–Whitney U test.
aNumbers denote values on a Likert scale: 0, no; 1, <1 year; 2, 1–3 years; 3, 4–6 years; 4, 7–10 years; 5, >10 years of training/playing.
bNumbers denote values on a Likert scale: range, 0 (never does) to 5 (does daily).
cClassification based on BDAE ASRS: scores 0–4, aphasia; score 5, no aphasia.
dClassification based on the Lateralized Inattention Index of the Balloons Test.
eOther cognitive dysfunction (attention/executive function or memory deficit).