Figure 1.

Experimental design. In two of the tasks (A, C), participants were asked to describe the playing cards presented onscreen by (A) naming the numerosity depicted by the card (red suits standing for Arabic and black ones for English) or (C) naming the numerosity or the suit depicted by the card, both of them in Arabic. In the other two tasks (B, D), participants were asked to listen to an auditory stimulus and judge via button press whether a subsequent visually present colored number matched the auditory input. In B, participants listened to number words in Arabic or English and, in D, participants listened to number and color words in Arabic.