Table 2.

Multi-level logistic regression on the implementation of prevention and early-intervention services

	Prevention services			Early-intervention services
	OR	SE	95% CI	OR	SE	95% CI
Program-level characteristics
Readiness for change
Motivational readiness	0.757*	0.105	0.578, 0.993	0.814*	0.078	0.674, 0.983
Staff attributes	1.031	0.151	0.774, 1.374	1.209	0.135	0.972, 1.505
Organizational climate	2.240*	0.736	1.176, 4.264	1.448	0.319	0.940, 2.229
Resources	0.517**	0.129	0.317, 0.845	0.668*	0.132	0.454, 0.984
High leadership	1.425	1.156	0.291, 6.984	1.754	1.365	0.382, 8.057
TJC-accredited	0.695	0.543	0.150, 3.212	2.381	1.498	0.694, 8.168
Medicaid	6.985*	5.725	1.401, 34.821	3.078	2.285	0.717, 13.191
Program sizea	2.687**	0.929	1.364, 5.292	2.862***	0.853	1.596, 5.131
Client-level characteristics
Gender	1.064	0.141	0.820, 1.380	0.982	0.155	0.722, 1.337
Medicaid eligibility	0.592*	0.158	0.351, 0.999	1.379	0.441	0.737, 2.580
Mental health issues	1.280	0.364	0.733, 2.234	1.265	0.248	0.861, 1.858
Primary drug usedb Alcohol	1.508	0.341	0.968, 2.348	1.631	0.470	0.927, 2.868
Methamphetamine	1.720*	0.458	1.020, 2.899	0.670	0.190	0.384, 1.167
Marijuana/Hashish	3.340**	1.424	1.448, 7.703	2.131	0.919	0.915, 4.960
Other	1.333	0.242	0.934, 1.901	1.274	0.282	0.825, 1.966
Methadone treatment	0.138	0.126	0.023, 0.823	0.196*	0.156	0.041, 0.931
Number of programs		82			82
Number of clients		16,712			16,712

OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval

^aProgram size categorized at first, second, and third quartile;

^bHeroin as reference.

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001