ACM promotes neural differentiation of AC-NSCs. (A) Epifluorescence microscope images show that differentiated AC-NSCs express both TUJ1 (neuronal marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker) in the ACM and control groups. The white arrow indicates a TUJ1 and GFAP double-labeled cell. (B) Quantification study shows the neuronal yield in the ACM and control groups. The percentages of TUJ1-positive cells in the ACM and control groups are 28.79% ± 1.64% and 7.68% ± 0.34%, respectively, which is significantly different (mean ± standard error shown in the figure; ** indicates P < 0.01, Student's t-test; n = 8 cell cultures per group). (C) Quantification study indicates the astrocyte yield in the ACM and control groups. The percentages of GFAP-positive cells in the ACM group and control groups are 68.51% ± 2.54% and 87.65% ± 1.14%, respectively, which is significantly different (mean ± standard error shown in the figure; ** indicates P < 0.01, Student's t-test; n = 8 cell cultures per group). Scale bar: 20 μm in (A). ACM, astrocyte-conditioned medium