Table 2. Baseline characteristics associated with IRIS.
| All | No IRIS | IRIS | Univariate | Multivariate logistic regression* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 198 | 160 | 38 | |||||||
| All IRIS | Paradoxical IRIS (n = 27) | Unmasking IRIS (n = 11)# | ||||||||
| P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR | P-value | OR | P-value | ||||
| Site | ||||||||||
| SU versus other sites | 0.0004 | 0.395 (0.158–0.987) | 0.0468 | 0.77 (0.259–2.291) | 0.639 | 0.106 (0.0187–0.604) | 0.0115 | |||
| 1. SU | 79 (39.9%) | 54 (33.8%) | 25 (65.8%) | |||||||
| 2. PHRU | 19 (9.5%) | 19 (11.9%) | 0 (0%) | |||||||
| 3. UKZN | 25 (12.6%) | 22 (13.8%) | 3 (7.9%) | |||||||
| 4. UZ | 50 (25.2%) | 42 (26.3%) | 8 (21.1%) | |||||||
| 5. KCMC | 20 (2.5%) | 19 (11.9%) | 1 (2.6%) | |||||||
| 6. BJMC | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (2.6%) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) age (years) | 1.2 (0.5;2.3) | 1.3 (0.6;2.3) | 0.7 (0.3;1.8 | 0.0239 | ||||||
| <1 year of age | 90 (45.5%) | 66 (41.3) | 24 (63.2) | 0.018 | 1.642 (0.584–4.619) | 0.347 | 3.868 (1.088–13.75) | 0.037 | 0.25 (0.045–1.37) | 0.063 |
| Male | 104 (52.5%) | 82 (51.3%) | 22 (57.9%) | 0.477 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) WAZ | -1.65 (-2.89;-0.65) n = 178 | -1.58 (-2.81;-0.50) n = 144 | -1.91 (-3.19;-1.15) n = 34 | 0.176 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) HAZ | -1.54 (-2.28;-0.64) n = 188 | -1.51 (-2.26;-0.60) n = 154) | -1.80 (-2.47;-0.84) n = 34 | 0.284 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) WHZ | -0.80 (-2.09;0.08) n = 178 | -0.80 (-1.96;0.81) n = 143 | -0.71 (-2.53;0.08) n = 35 | 0.85 | ||||||
| WHO Stages | ||||||||||
| Stage 1 | 45 (23%) | 41 (25.9%) | 4 (10.5%) | 0.136 | ||||||
| Stage 2∏ | 30 (15.3%) | 25 (15.8%) | 5 (13.2%) | |||||||
| Stage 3 | 100 (51%) | 77 (48.7%) | 23 (60.5%) | |||||||
| Stage 4 | 21 (10.7%) | 15 (9.5%) | 6 (15.8%) | |||||||
| Stage 1 versus 2,3,4 | 0.053 | |||||||||
| TB prior to baseline | 42 (21.2%) | 28 (17.5%) | 14 (36.8%) | 0.0141 | ||||||
| IPT at baseline | 12 (6.1%) | 10 (6.3%) | 2 (5.26%) | 1 | ||||||
| Current anti-TB treatment | 33 (16.67%) | 20 (12.5%) | 13 (34.2%) | 0.0029* | 0.336 (0.11–1.024) | 0.0551 | 0.259 (0.067–0.999) | 0.0498 | 0.851 (0.185–3.916) | 0. 836 |
| Corticosteroids | ||||||||||
| 1. Any (topical or systemic) corticosteroids | 26 (13.1%) | 15 (9.4%) | 11 (29%) | 0.0025 | 0.452 (0.56–1.315) | 0.145 | 0.506 0.153–1.672) | 0.264 | 0.489 (0.103–2.32) | 0.368 |
| 2. Systemic only | 10 (50.1%) | 4 (1.9%) | 6 (15.8%) | 0.004 | ||||||
| CD4+% (Median/ IQR) | 19.6 (13.9;27.3) n = 194 | 20.1 (14.6;27.7) n = 157 | 16.7 (11.8; 21.7) n = 37 | 0.0152 | ||||||
| CD4+ (cells/mm3) (Median/IQR) | 1068(599; 1784) | 1188 (618; 1862) | 838 (223; 1259) | 0.0115 | 10.609 (0.758–148.55) | 0.08∉ | 57.62 (1.997–1662) | 0.0181∉ | 0.195∉(0.004–12.299) | 0.411 |
| Plasma HIV-RNA (Log10 copies/mm3) (Median / IQR) Ø |
5.91 (5.33; 6.47) | 5.8(5.24; 6.34) Ø | 6.32 (5.84; 6.81) | <0.0001 | 0.0093 (0.0005–0.189) | 0.0023∉ | 0.0033 (0.00008–0.1426) | 0.0029∉ | 0.212 (0.003–12.966∉ | 0.47 |
OR–Odds ratio (*For IRIS = Yes, odds of No versus Yes); P-values for full model on multinomial logistic regression: All IRIS–p <0.0001; paradoxical IRIS–p <0.0001; unmasking IRIS–p = 0.053
∉ P-values derived from parameter estimates
CI–Confidence interval; IQR–interquartile range; WAZ–weight for age Z-score; HAZ–Height for age Z-score; WHZ–weight for height Z-score; IPT–isoniazid prevention treatment
# SID 1228 site unmasking TB IRIS
∏ WHO staging not assigned in 2 without IRIS.
Ø 8 plasma HIV RNA levels from baseline unavailable in participants without IRIS.