Table 3.
Meta-analysis | Sensitivity analysis | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time Period | Outcome Type | Condition | N | k | ES | 95% CI | I2 | Q | p | kimp | ESadj | 95% CI |
Pre-post | Mindfulness | Mindfulness | 2083 | 50 | -0.11 | [−0.22,−0.01] | 79.88 | 248.53 | < .001 | 0 | ||
Mindfulness | Waitlist | 997 | 29 | −0.18a | [−0.25,−0.10] | 39.98 | 45.62 | .019 | 0 | |||
Mindfulness | Bona fide | 1439 | 29 | −0.30a | [−0.43,−0.16] | 82.16 | 127.83 | < .001 | 0 | |||
Pre-FU | Mindfulness | Mindfulness | 764 | 16 | -0.35 | [−0.58, 0.11] | 90.20 | 111.79 | < .001 | 0 | ||
Mindfulness | Waitlist | 301 | 8 | −0.32b | [−0.65,0.01] | 88.31 | 27.83 | <.001 | 0 | |||
Mindfulness | Bona fide | 633 | 12 | −0.47b | [0.03, 0.27] | 95.84 | 117.09 | <.001 | 0 |
Note: ES = effect size (Δ ☐☐☐) quantifies degree to which responsiveness of mindfulness measures exceeds that for clinical outcome measures for the specified experimental condition (computed as gmindfulness-gclinical); FU = follow-up; CI = confidence interval; I2 =heterogeneity; Q = Q-statistic assessing degree of heterogeneity; p = p-value for Q-statistic; kimp = number of studies imputed using trim-and-fill analyses to account for funnel plot asymmetry; ESadj = trim-and-fill adjusted effect size;
= no significant difference between comparison group effect sizes (Q[1] = 1.57, p = .210);
= no significant difference between comparison group effect sizes (Q[1] = 0.22, p = .640). Type of mindfulness measure (FFMQ/KIMS, MAAS, or other) was tested as a moderator of differential responsiveness. There was no evidence for moderation by the measure of mindfulness used (ps > .050).