Fig E2.

Kinetic profile of mucosal proinflammatory cytokine responses after zebrafish gill, mouse, and human nasal stimulation with poly(I:C). qRT-PCR analysis of tnfa(A), il1b(B), il6(C), ifnphi1(D), and ifng1.1(E) transcripts in zebrafish gills (n = 4, representative of 2 experiments) after gill treatment. Values are presented as means ± SEMs. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Sidak multiple comparison test was used. qRT-PCR analysis of Tnfa(F), Il1b(G), Il6(H), Ifna2(I), and Ifng(J) transcripts in mouse nasal mucosa (n = 4-10 pooled from 2 independent experiments) sampled with SAM after intranasal stimulation. Values are presented as means ± SEMs. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Sidak multiple comparison test was used. Soluble protein mediator analysis of TNF-α (K), IL-1β (L), IL-6 (M), IFN-α2α (N), and IFN-γ (O) in human nasal mucosal lining fluid (n = 8), as measured by using the nasosorption technique after challenge. Values are presented as geometric means and 95% CIs, and AUC analyses were used. *P < .05 and ***P < .001.