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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Res. 2019 Jul-Aug;68(4):257–266. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000359

TABLE 2.

Unadjusted Means and Linear Mixed Effects Model Results for Theoretical Variables: United States, 2011–2016

Unadjusted Means Adjusted Differencesa (I − C)
Baseline Post-Intervention
Variables M (SD) M (SD) Difference 95% CI p-value
Benefits .07 [0, .14] .066
 Intervention 2.35 (0.45) 2.29 (0.53)
 Control 2.36 (0.44) 2.22 (0.51)

Barriers .06 [0, .13] .041
 Intervention 1.23 (0.60) 1.26 (0.63)
 Control 1.19 (0.60 1.14 (0.60)

Self-Efficacy .04 [−.04, .12] .320
 Intervention 2.17 (0.59) 2.12 (0.64)
 Control 2.23 (0.57) 2.14 (0.60)

Social Support .23 [.11, .35] <.001
 Intervention 1.80 (0.70) 1.87 (0.82)
 Control 1.88 (0.72) 1.73 (0.86)

Enjoyment .07 [−.03, .17] .163
 Intervention 2.25 (0.58) 2.11 (0.67)
 Control 2.32 (0.58) 2.11 (0.72)

Motivation .08 [−.01, .17] .098
 Intervention 3.60 (0.65) 3.48 (0.68)
 Control 3.67 (0.61) 3.48 (0.69)

MVPA −.08 [−.21, .05] .207
 Intervention 3.03 (1.32) 3.27 (1.49)
 Control 2.92 (1.29) 3.27 (1.49)

MVPA Post-Intervention Follow-up −.03 [−.14, .08] .556
 Intervention 3.27 (1.49) 2.59 (1.19)
 Control 3.27 (1.49) 2.64 (1.15)

Note. I = Intervention group; C = Control group; MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity; M = Mean; SD = Standard deviation; CI = Confidence interval.

a

Differences between intervention and control group at post-intervention or follow-up for MVPA after adjusting for demographics and random effect of school.