Table 4:

Ratios of the prevalence of medication use across categories of drinking status, sociodemographic characteristics, and over time.

	Model 1: Opioid RR (95% CI)	Model 2: Sedative-Hypnoticsa RR (95% CI)	Model 3: Anxiolytics RR (95% CI)	Model 4: Sleep Medications RR (95% CI)
Regular Drinking (vs. Infrequent drinking/abstinence)	0.69 (0.60, 0.78)	0.79 (0.70, 0.89)	0.71 (0.61, 0.81)	1.04 (0.80, 1.35)
Sex (vs. Male)
Female	0.86 (0.79, 0.94)	0.67 (0.60, 0.74)	0.62 (0.56, 0.70)	0.79 (0.62, 0.99)
Race (vs. White)
Black	0.79 (0.69, 0.92)	0.43 (0.37, 0.50)	0.41 (0.34, 0.49)	0.50 (0.38, 0.66)
Hispanic	0.48 (0.40, 0.57)	0.45 (0.36, 0.55)	0.44 (0.35, 0.56)	0.46 (0.33, 0.64)
Other	0.72 (0.57, 0.91)	0.63 (0.44, 0.90)	0.56 (0.37, 0.84)	0.72 (0.44, 1.19)
Age (vs. 20-29)
30-39	1.36 (1.11, 1.67)	1.76 (1.33, 2.32)	1.64 (1.23, 2.19)	2.96 (1.49, 5.85)
40-49	1.79 (1.48, 2.17)	2.64 (2.04, 3.40)	2.31 (1.78, 3.00)	5.57 (3.11, 9.97)
50-64	1.89 (1.51, 2.35)	3.22 (2.48, 4.19)	2.93 (2.23, 3.86)	5.93 (3.35, 10.51)
65+	1.62 (1.33, 1.98)	3.32 (2.61, 4.22)	3.01 (2.33, 3.89)	5.33 (2.89, 9.81)
Educ. (vs. < HS)
HS Diploma	0.81 (0.72, 0.92)	0.94 (0.81, 1.08)	0.94 (0.80, 1.11)	0.89 (0.61, 1.28)
>HS, no Degree	0.76 (0.68, 0.86)	0.91 (0.79, 1.05)	0.87 (0.74, 1.03)	1.15 (0.81, 1.63)
College Degree+	0.41 (0.34, 0.49)	0.64 (0.54, 0.77)	0.54 (0.44, 0.65)	1.13 (0.82, 1.56)
Time (yr)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	1.03 (1.01, 1.05)	1.09 (1.07, 1.12)

^aThe category of sedative-hypnotics is comprised of anxiolytics and sleep medications.

Notes: (1) relative risks (i.e. “RR”) calculated using log-binomial model; (2) all models contained all variables presented in the table; (3) regular drinking defined as consuming alcohol at least 52 times in the past year; (4) infrequent drinking/abstain defined as using alcohol less than 52 times in the past year; (5) opioid and sedative-hypnotic use defined as prescribed use of either medication for 30 days or longer.