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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun 3;43(7):1427–1438. doi: 10.1111/acer.14110

Figure 3. Alcohol exposure induces Th17 differentiation and enhances IL-17 production in both naïve CD4+ T helper cells (Th0) and Th17 cells in vitro.

Figure 3.

CD4+ T cells were harvested from the spleen and lymph nodes of three-month-old wild-type mice. Naïve CD4+ T helper cells were activated ex vivo with anti-CD3 (5 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (1 μg/ml) for 72 hours (Th0). A subgroup of Th0 cells were activated and polarized with recombinant IL-6 (20 ng/ml) and recombinant TGFβ1 (5 ng/ml) for 72 hours to generate Th17 cells. Th0 and Th17 CD4+ T cells were cultured ± alcohol (60 mM) for 72 hours. The cell culture supernatant was collected and analyzed for IL-17 production by ELISA. *p<0.05 compared to untreated Th0 and **p<0.05 compared to untreated Th17 cells. N=6 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.