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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun 3;43(7):1427–1438. doi: 10.1111/acer.14110

Figure 4. Chronic alcohol ingestion increases the systemic Th17 immune response.

Figure 4.

CD4+ T cells were harvested from the spleen and lymph nodes of three-month-old control-fed and alcohol-fed wild-type mice (20% v/v in drinking water for 8 weeks). (A) Cells were analyzed for IL-17 gene expression by quantitative PCR. CD4+ T cells harvested from control-fed and alcohol-fed animals were activated ex vivo with anti-CD3 (5 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (1 μg/ml) for 72 hours. (B) Cell culture supernatant was analyzed for IL-17 protein expression by ELISA. (C) Lastly, FACS analysis was performed on freshly isolated peripheral CD4+ T cells to determine the percentage of Th17 cells (CD4+IL-17+). The right panel shows representative scattered dot plots. *p<0.05 compared to cells from control-fed animals. N=10 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.