Table 2:
Prevalence of Medical Comorbidities Listed by Body System
| Before TBI | Same Time / After TBI | Ever | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X / N | Percent | 95% CI | X / N | Percent | 95% CI | X / N | Percent | 95% CI | |
| Cardiovascular | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 46/394 | 11.7 | (8.5, 14.9) | 79/394 | 20.1 | (16.1, 24.0) | 133/402 | 33.1 | (28.5, 37.7) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 3/401 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) | 5/401 | 1.2 | (0.2, 2.3) | 9/402 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) |
| Myocardial Infraction/Heart Attack | 8/401 | 2.0 | (0.6, 3.4) | 7/401 | 1.7 | (0.5, 3.0) | 16/402 | 4.0 | (2.1, 5.9) |
| Other Heart Conditions | 16/398 | 4.0 | (2.1, 6.0) | 20/398 | 5.0 | (2.9, 7.2) | 40/402 | 10.0 | (7.0, 12.9) |
| Stroke | 2/401 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 13/401 | 3.2 | (1.5, 5.0) | 16/402 | 4.0 | (2.1, 5.9) |
| High Blood Cholesterol | 31/398 | 7.8 | (5.1, 10.4) | 68/398 | 17.1 | (13.4, 20.8) | 101/401 | 25.3 | (21.0, 29.5) |
| Endocrine | |||||||||
| Diabetes | 10/402 | 2.5 | (1.0, 4.0) | 35/402 | 8.7 | (5.9, 11.5) | 45/402 | 11.2 | (8.1, 14.3) |
| Goiter | 0/401 | 0.0 | - | 1/401 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.7) | 1/401 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.7) |
| Other Thyroid Disease | 10/401 | 2.5 | (1.0, 4.0) | 11/401 | 2.7 | (1.1, 4.3) | 21/401 | 5.2 | (3.0, 7.4) |
| Gastrointestinal | |||||||||
| Liver Disease | 9/402 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) | 10/402 | 2.5 | (1.0, 4.0) | 19/402 | 4.7 | (2.6, 6.8) |
| Genitourinary | |||||||||
| Kidney Stones | 13/400 | 3.3 | (1.5, 5.0) | 13/400 | 3.3 | (1.5, 5.0) | 26/400 | 6.5 | (4.1, 8.9) |
| Musculoskeletal & Rheumatologic | |||||||||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 8/401 | 2.0 | (0.6, 3.4) | 21/401 | 5.2 | (3.0, 7.4) | 30/402 | 7.5 | (4.9, 10.0) |
| Osteoarthritis | 18/400 | 4.5 | (2.5, 6.5) | 38/400 | 9.5 | (6.6, 12.4) | 58/402 | 14.4 | (11.0, 17.9) |
| Fractures (Hip/Wrist/Spine) | 19/400 | 4.8 | (2.7, 6.8) | 73/400 | 18.3 | (14.4, 22.1) | 93/401 | 23.2 | (19.0, 27.3) |
| Back Pain | 30/399 | 7.5 | (4.9, 10.1) | 87/399 | 21.8 | (17.7, 25.9) | 119/401 | 29.7 | (25.2, 34.2) |
| Osteoporosis | 4/401 | 1.0 | (0.0, 2.0) | 5/401 | 1.2 | (0.2, 2.3) | 9/401 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) |
| Lupus | 4/401 | 1.0 | (0.0, 2.0) | 1/401 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.7) | 5/401 | 1.2 | (0.2, 2.3) |
| Neurologic | |||||||||
| Sleep Disorder | 8/400 | 2.0 | (0.6, 3.4) | 47/400 | 11.8 | (8.6, 14.9) | 56/401 | 14.0 | (10.6, 17.4) |
| Movement Disorder | 0/401 | 0.0 | - | 3/401 | 0.7 | (0.0, 1.6) | 3/401 | 0.7 | (0.0, 1.6) |
| Dementia | 0/401 | 0.0 | - | 9/401 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) | 9/401 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) |
| Ophthalmologic | |||||||||
| Cataracts | 11/402 | 2.7 | (1.1, 4.3) | 26 | 6.5 | (4.1, 8.9) | 37 | 9.2 | (6.4, 12.0) |
| Psychiatric or Mental Health | |||||||||
| Alcoholism | 31/399 | 7.8 | (5.1, 10.4) | 14/399 | 3.5 | (1.7, 5.3) | 45/399 | 11.3 | (8.2, 14.4) |
| Drug Addiction | 19/398 | 4.8 | (2.7, 6.9) | 11/398 | 2.8 | (1.1, 4.4) | 30/398 | 7.5 | (4.9, 10.4) |
| Anorexia | 3/399 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) | 0/399 | 0.0 | - | 3/399 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) |
| Bulimia | 1/398 | 0.3 | (0.0, 0.7) | 0/399 | 0.0 | - | 1/399 | 0.3 | (0.0, 0.7) |
| Other Eating Disorder | 0/399 | 0.0 | - | 3/399 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) | 3/399 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) |
| Anxiety | 20/398 | 5.0 | (2.9, 7.2) | 78/398 | 19.6 | (15.7, 23.5) | 98/398 | 24.6 | (20.4, 28.9) |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | 10/397 | 2.5 | (1.0, 4.1) | 7/397 | 1.8 | (0.5, 3.1) | 17/397 | 4.3 | (2.3, 6.3) |
| Panic Attacks | 10/397 | 2.5 | (1.0, 4.1) | 44/397 | 11.1 | (8.0, 14.2) | 55/398 | 13.8 | (10.4, 17.2) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 6/398 | 1.5 | (0.3, 2.7) | 24/398 | 6.0 | (3.7, 8.4) | 31/399 | 7.8 | (5.1, 10.4) |
| Depression | 25/396 | 6.3 | (3.9, 8.7) | 83/396 | 21.0 | (16.9, 25.0) | 109/397 | 27.5 | (23.0, 31.9) |
| Bipolar Disorder | 13/395 | 3.3 | (1.52, 5.1) | 23/395 | 5.8 | (3.5, 8.1) | 38/397 | 9.6 | (6.7, 12.5) |
| ADD/ADHD | 24/400 | 6.0 | (3.7, 8.3) | 18/400 | 4.5 | (2.5, 6.5) | 42/400 | 10.5 | (7.5, 13.5) |
| Narcolepsy | 0/399 | 0.0 | - | 3/396 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) | 3/399 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) |
| Psychosis | 3/398 | 0.8 | (0.0, 1.6) | 2/398 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 5/398 | 1.3 | (0.2, 2.4) |
| Schizophrenia | 2/400 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 2/400 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 4/400 | 1.0 | (0.0, 2.0) |
| Autism | 1/400 | 0.3 | (0.0, 0.7) | 0/400 | 0.0 | - | 1/400 | 0.0 | (0.0, 0.7) |
| Respiratory | |||||||||
| Asthma | 20/404 | 5.0 | (2.8, 7.1) | 9/404 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) | 29/404 | 7.2 | (4.7, 9.7) |
| Emphysema | 3/404 | 0.7 | (0.0, 1.6) | 1/404 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.7) | 4/404 | 1.0 | (0.0, 2.0) |
| COPD | 2/404 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 6/404 | 1.5 | (0.3, 2.7) | 8/404 | 2.0 | (0.6, 3.3) |
| Chronic Bronchitis | 9/402 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) | 7/402 | 1.7 | (0.5, 3.0) | 16/402 | 4.0 | (2.1, 5.9) |
| Hay Fever | 32/402 | 8.0 | (5.3, 10.6) | 2/402 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 34/402 | 8.5 | (5.7, 11.2) |
| Cancer | |||||||||
| Skin Cancer | 2/403 | 0.5 | (0.0, 1.2) | 7/403 | 1.7 | (0.5, 3.0) | 9/403 | 2.2 | (0.8, 3.7) |
| Other Cancer | 5/403 | 1.2 | (0.2, 2.3) | 11/403 | 2.7 | (1.1, 4.3) | 16/403 | 4.0 | (2.1, 5.9) |
X = number of patients reporting comorbidity, N = total number of patients with and without the comorbidity; CI = confidence interval
Sample size (N) varies due to missing data about specific medical comorbidities and onset (before, same time, or after TBI)
Abbreviations: ADD/ADHD = Attention Deficit Disorder / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder