Table 1.
Factors associated with reporting being on antiretroviral treatment among the participants with antiretroviral drugs detected.
| Variables | Reported being on ART |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N=72) |
Yes (N=39) |
No (N=33) |
P valuea | |
| Mean (SD) HIV RNA, log10 copies/mL | 72 | 3.40 (1.04) | 3.28 (1.16) | 0.63 |
| Mean (SD) CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | 72 | 2.50 (2.32) | 3.02 (1.80) | 0.30 |
| Study site | 0.012 | |||
| Indonesia | 22 | 17 (77.3%) | 5 (22.7%) | |
| Ukraine | 9 | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | |
| Vietnam | 41 | 20 (48.8%) | 21 (51.2%) | |
| Sex | 1.00 | |||
| Male | 68 | 37 (54.4%) | 31 (45.6%) | |
| Female | 4 | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | |
| Age | 0.05 | |||
| 18-29 | 7 | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | |
| 30-39 | 51 | 23 (45.1%) | 28 (54.9%) | |
| 40-60 | 14 | 11 (78.6%) | 3 (21.4%) | |
| Education | 0.003 | |||
| No education or primary school | 9 | 7 (77.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | |
| Some or completed secondary school | 39 | 14 (35.9%) | 25 (64.1%) | |
| Higher educationb | 24 | 18 (75.0%) | 6 (25.0%) | |
| Marital status | 0.98 | |||
| Married/Have partner but not married | 37 | 20 (54.1%) | 17 (45.9%) | |
| Single/Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 35 | 19 (54.3%) | 16 (45.7%) | |
| Employment | 0.84 | |||
| Employed full-time | 20 | 10 (50.0%) | 10 (50.0%) | |
| Employed part-time | 21 | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | |
| Unemployed/retired | 31 | 18 (58.1%) | 13 (41.9%) | |
| Hazardous alcohol usec | 0.61 | |||
| Yes | 15 | 9 (60.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | |
| No | 57 | 30 (52.6%) | 27 (47.4%) | |
| Injected amphetamines | 0.09 | |||
| Yes | 3 | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | |
| No | 69 | 39 (56.5%) | 30 (43.5%) | |
| Non-injection drug use: Opiates | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 8 | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | |
| No | 64 | 35 (54.7%) | 29 (45.3%) | |
| Non-injection drug use: Stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamines) | 0.15 | |||
| Yes | 26 | 17 (65.4%) | 9 (34.6%) | |
| No | 46 | 22 (47.8%) | 24 (52.2%) | |
| Ever participated in medication assisted treatment for substance use | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 62 | 34 (54.8%) | 28 (45.2%) | |
| No | 10 | 5 (50.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | |
| Number of sexual partnersd | 0.68 | |||
| 0 | 37 | 22 (59.5%) | 15 (40.5%) | |
| 1 | 29 | 14 (48.3%) | 15 (51.7%) | |
| ≥2 | 6 | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | |
| Number of injection partnerse | 0.09 | |||
| 1 | 4 | 0 (0%) | 4 (100%) | |
| 2-4 | 55 | 31 (56.4%) | 24 (43.6%) | |
| ≥5 | 13 | 8 (61.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | |
| Jail/Prisond | ||||
| Yes | 4 | 3 (75.0%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0.62 |
| No | 68 | 36 (52.9%) | 32 (47.1%) | |
a
Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate associations between categorical variables; two-sample t-tests were used to assess associations with continuous variables. P-values <0.05 are considered significant (bolded).
b
Higher education indicates some or completed technical training or college/university.
c
Hazardous alcohol use was determined as an AUDIT-C score of ≥4 among males and ≥3 among females.
d
Assessed for the period one month prior to study enrollment.
e
Assessed for the period three months prior to study enrollment.
Abbreviations: ARV: antiretroviral; N: number; SD: standard deviation.