Activation of Nrf2 signaling decreases the incidence of diabetes in NOD
mice. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing the percentages of the
NOD::Keap1FA/+ (control,
n=7) and
NOD::Keap1FA/–
(Keap1 knockdown, n=11) mice that were
diabetes-free up to 24 weeks of age. Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose
level >250 mg/dL after 2 consecutive biweekly measurements. (B, C)
Changes in blood glucose levels (B) and body weights (C) in the
NOD::Keap1FA/+
(n=7) and
NOD::Keap1FA/–
(n=11) mice. The data are the mean ± SEM. (D) Plasma
insulin levels in the
NOD::Keap1FA/+ mice
(n=7) and
NOD::Keap1FA/–
(n=11) at 24 weeks of age. The bar represents the median.
(E) Correlation between the plasma insulin levels and blood glucose levels in
the NOD::Keap1FA/+
(n=7) and
NOD::Keap1FA/–
(n=11) mice at 24 weeks of age. Note that high blood
glucose levels (i.e., diabetic) were concentrated in the
NOD::Keap1FA/+ genotype,
whereas none of the
NOD::Keap1FA/– mice had
diabetes. Log-rank tests for the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for (A), the
repeated measures ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test for (B and
C) and Student’s t-test for (D) were performed.
†P<0.01. *P<0.05,
**P<0.01 and ***P<0.001
vs. the
NOD::Keap1FA/+ mice.