Figure 1.

PRISMA flow chart for article screening. *Numbers add up to more than 144 because articles could meet exclusion for several factors. Client factors = Clients presented with non-internalizing disorders/symptoms (e.g., externalizing behaviors, feeding and eating disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse), Therapist factors = all therapists were of the same level of experience (e.g., all lay persons, all graduate students), no information was given to determine if variability in experience, or only 1–2 therapists were in the study, Treatment factors = Studies intentionally had treatment modality vary by experience group or treatment was academic counseling, medication management, and/or case management only, Design factors = Therapist experience was measured but never directly linked or examined with client outcomes.