TABLE 2.
Means and SDs of the pre-to-post change scores for the meal (standardized meal providing 5025 kJ) and control (no intervention) conditions and the true individual differences SD1
| Estimate 12 | Estimate 23 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Meal change, mean ± SD | Control change, mean ± SD | Individual differences, SD | Individual differences, SD (SE) | P value |
| Plasma acylated ghrelin, pg/mL | −61.1 ± 36.2 | 6.2 ± 27.7 | 23.3 | 4.9 (16.1) | 0.93 |
| −57.0 ± 20.44 | 7.4 ± 12.54 | 16.24 | 18.0 (13.0)4 | 0.0564 | |
| Plasma total PYY, pg/mL | 61.6 ± 35.1 | −13.9 ± 11.1 | 33.3 | 31.8 (20.6) | 0.020 |
| Plasma insulin, pmol/L | 545 ± 324 | 0.1 ± 11.5 | 324 | 502 (300) | 0.005 |
| 515 ± 2874 | 0.0 ± 11.84 | 2864 | 349 (208)4 | 0.0054 | |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 1.22 ± 0.62 | −0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.60 | 0.58 (0.37) | 0.012 |
| Hunger, mm | −40.4 ± 30.0 | 8.7 ± 15.2 | 25.9 | 22.7 (15.4) | 0.031 |
| Satisfaction, mm | 48.3 ± 24.0 | −3.0 ± 9.4 | 22.0 | 19.5 (12.7) | 0.018 |
| Fullness, mm | 52.8 ± 20.2 | 1.4 ± 12.3 | 16.0 | 13.6 (9.8) | 0.054 |
| Prospective food consumption, mm | −44.1 ± 27.8 | 2.2 ± 9.8 | 26.0 | 23.9 (15.3) | 0.015 |
Data are presented for n = 18 healthy men. PYY, peptide YY.
Estimate 1: individual differences SD estimated using 
where SDIR is the SD of the true individual response, and SDM and SDC are the SDs of the pre-to-post change scores for the meal and the control condition (averaged over both replicates), respectively (1).
Estimate 2: period-adjusted individual differences SD estimated using a random-effects statistical model (13). The SD was derived from the SAS model participant-by-condition interaction term (as a random effect) (refer to the SAS code supplied in the Supplemental Methods). The P value shown is also for this interaction term.
After the removal of outliers.