TABLE 3.
Mean intakes ± SE | Nutrient adequacy ratio | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 2008 | 2016 | 2002 | 2008 | 2016 | ||
Nutrient | RDA2/AI | n = 1464 | n = 509 | n = 902 | n = 1464 | n = 509 | n = 902 |
Vitamin A (μg RAE/d) | 500 | 761 ± 11 | 668 ± 22 | 793 ± 17 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
Thiamin (mg/d) | 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.0a | 0.7 ± 0.0a,b | 0.7 ± 0.0b | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.93 |
Riboflavin (mg/d) | 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.0a | 1.0 ± 0.0b | 1.0 ± 0.0b | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
Niacin (mg/d) | 4 | 9.9 ± 0.2a | 9.4 ± 0.4a,b | 8.9 ± 0.3b | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.92 |
Vitamin B-6 (mg/d) | 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.94 |
Folate μg (DFE/d) | 80 | 182 ± 7.4 | 220 ± 10.2 | 211 ± 9.2 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.95 |
Vitamin B-12 (mg/d) | 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.0 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.96 |
Vitamin C (mg/d) | 50 | 100 ± 1.5a | 86.0 ± 3.4b | 85 ± 2.4b | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.94 |
Vitamin D (μg/d) | 10 | 7.6 ± 0.1a | 6.1 ± 0.3b | 6.7 ± 0.2b | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.59 |
Vitamin E (mg/d) | 5 | 9.6 ± 0.2a | 5.6 ± 0.2b | 5.9 ± 0.2b | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.77 |
Vitamin K (μg/d) | 2.5 | 53.1 ± 1.4 | 54.6 ± 5.4 | 50.0 ± 1.7 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
Calcium (mg/d) | 260 | 606 ± 8.2a | 608 ± 19.2a,b | 629 ± 15.7b | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
Iron (mg/d) | 112 | 15.6 ± 0.3a | 15.1 ± 0.6a,b | 13.4 ± 0.4b | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.77 |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 75 | 106 ± 1.5a | 100 ± 3.8a,b | 102 ± 2.3b | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
Phosphorus (mg/d) | 275 | 482 ± 7.5a | 448 ± 18.9a,b | 421 ± 11.2b | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.90 |
Potassium (mg/d) | 700 | 1174 ± 14.9 | 1086 ± 34.1 | 1139 ± 22.8 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
Zinc (mg/d) | 32 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.92 |
Mean adequacy ratio | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.90 |
Statistical tests were computed through use of regression models with each nutrient as a dependent variable and year as the independent variable, stratified by age. Mean intakes with different superscripts (a,b) represent an overall difference at P ≤ 0.0001 and a year-to-year difference of P ≤ 0.005 within each age grouping. AI, Adequate Intake; DFE, dietary folate equivalent; RAE, retinol activity equivalent.
Values with a superscript are RDA values; AI values do not have a superscript.