TABLE 4.
Comparison of nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy for toddlers 12–23.9 mo from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies 2002, 2008, and 20161
| Mean intakes ± SE | Nutrient adequacy ratio | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 2008 | 2016 | 2002 | 2008 | 2016 | ||
| Nutrient | RDA2/AI | n = 1031 | n = 924 | n = 1133 | n = 1031 | n = 924 | n = 1133 |
| Vitamin A (μg RAE/d) | 3002 | 684 ± 16 | 602 ± 17 | 590 ± 12.7 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.95 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 0.52 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 0.52 | 1.8 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 62 | 12.4 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 11.5 ± 0.2 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg/d) | 0.52 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Folate μg (DFE/d) | 1502 | 307 ± 8.1 | 309 ± 7.7 | 294 ± 6.4 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 |
| Vitamin B-12 (mg/d) | 0.92 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 152 | 90.0 ± 2.7a | 64.8 ± 3.2b | 65.0 ± 2.2b | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 152 | 8.6 ± 0.2a | 7.4 ± 0.2b | 7.1 ± 0.2b | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.46 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 62 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.65 |
| Vitamin K (μg/d) | 30 | 35.5 ± 2.7 | 39.1 ± 3.0 | 42.5 ± 3.1 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.76 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 7002 | 926 ± 15.6 | 913 ± 19.9 | 889 ± 15.6 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 72 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 9.1 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.85 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 802 | 181 ± 2.4 | 163 ± 2.7 | 170 ± 2.9 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 4602 | 949 ± 13.8 | 856 ± 17.8 | 873 ± 13.4 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 3000 | 1935 ± 25.3a | 1654 ± 31.8b | 1738 ± 25.9b | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 32 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Mean adequacy ratio | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.88 | ||||
1
Statistical tests were computed through use of regression models with each nutrient as a dependent variable and year as the independent variable, stratified by age. Mean intakes with different superscripts (a,b) represent an overall difference at P ≤ 0.0001 and a year-to-year difference of P ≤ 0.005 within each age grouping. A, Adequate Intake; DFE, dietary folate equivalent; RAE, retinol activity equivalent.
2
Values with a superscript are RDA values; AI values do not have a superscript.