TABLE 2.
Bacterial microbiome diversity indexes and relative abundance of major phyla, families, and genera in colon mucosal biopsy tissues and luminal stool brushings before and after ω-3 FA supplementation of healthy volunteers1
| Biopsy samples | Brush samples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
| Diversity indexes and abundance ratios | ||||
| Shannon Diversity Index | 3.50 ± 0.49 | 3.40 ± 0.61 | 3.66 ± 0.41* | 3.65 ± 0.41* |
| Inverse Simpson Index | 20.3 ± 11.6 | 18.2 ± 10.6 | 23.4 ± 11.1 | 22.9 ± 11.3* |
| Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes | 2.86 ± 1.61 | 2.80 ± 2.18 | 2.09 ± 1.01 | 1.94 ± 1.00 |
| Bacteroides:Prevotella | 142 ± 202 | 97 ± 202 | 111 ± 190* | 67 ± 143 |
| Relative abundance of major phyla (mean abundance >0.1) | ||||
| Firmicutes | 61.0 ± 14.6 | 56.6 ± 18.3 | 55.9 ± 9.7 | 53.5 ± 0.1 |
| Bacteroidetes | 27.3 ± 13.0 | 29.8 ± 16.2 | 31.4 ± 10.8 | 31.9 ± 9.8 |
| Actinobacteria | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 3.6* | 5.8 ± 4.2* |
| Proteobacteria | 4.5 ± 9.6 | 6.9 ± 14.0 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 3.0 ± 2.1 |
| Fusobacteria | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
| Verrucomicrobia | 3.8 ± 7.7 | 3.7 ± 6.4 | 3.7 ± 4.8 | 4.5 ± 7.2 |
| Unclassified | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 1.8 |
| Relative abundance of major families (abundance >2) | ||||
| Lachnospiraceae | 33.1 ± 13.1 | 30.0 ± 14.5 | 26.4 ± 9.2* | 26.0 ± 8.1 |
| Bacteroidaceae | 15.4 ± 8.7 | 16.1 ± 11.3 | 18.0 ± 9.5 | 18.2 ± 9.8 |
| Ruminociccaceae | 15.3 ± 7.1 | 12.1 ± 6.9 | 16.3 ± 6.2 | 14.2 ± 6.8 |
| Prevotellaceae | 7.2 ± 14.1 | 9.8 ± 17.8 | 6.9 ± 12.2 | 6.9 ± 11.9 |
| Verrucimicrobiaceae | 3.8 ± 7.6 | 3.7 ± 6.4 | 3.7 ± 4.8 | 4.5 ± 7.2 |
| Porphyromonadaceae | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 2.7 | 3.1 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.5 |
| Rikenellaceae | 2.0 ± 3.3 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 4.2 | 3.1 ± 3.2 |
| Coriobacteriaceae | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 2.2* | 3.3 ± 2.9* |
| Acidaminociccaceae | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 2.6 ± 3.1 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 3.0 |
| Bifidobacteriaceae | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 2.6 | 2.2 ± 2.4* |
Values are means ± SDs at each time point. There were 45 brush and 38 biopsy pre/post pairs. Paired t tests indicated no significant differences pre- and post-supplementation (P ≥ 0.05 in each case) in any listed variable. Only 2 pre/post differences were found when the abundance of individual operational taxonomic units was evaluated (Blautia in brushing samples and Clostridium XIVa in biopsy samples both decreased, P < 0.05; see Results).*Different from their paired biopsy samples collected at the same time point, P < 0.01 (after correction for false discovery rates). Post, post-supplementation; Pre, pre-supplementation.