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. 2019 Jul 1;9:9423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45962-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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aBL tolerance development upon sub-lethal aBL treatment. Overnight JE2 cultures (5 × 10⁷ CFU/ml) were irradiated with 411 nm light at a dose of 150 J/cm². Following exposure, 10 μL aliquots of the treated samples were taken to determine the survival rate, and 50 μL of the samples was transferred into fresh TSB medium (5 mL) to regrow overnight. The next day, the treatment was repeated under the same conditions. The cycle of exposure - regrowth - exposure was repeated 15 times. The susceptibility of S. aureus to aBL was investigated upon 1 (panel A), 5 (panel B), 10 (panel C) and 15 (panel D) cycles of sub-lethal aBL/RB-aPDI or CIP (½ MIC). The detection limit was 100 CFU/ml. The values are the means of three separate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD).