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. 2019 Jul 1;9:9423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45962-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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No NMB-aPDI tolerance development upon sub-lethal RB-aPDI/aBL or CIP treatment. The JE2 overnight cultures (5 × 10⁷ CFU/ml) originated from 1^st, 5^th, 10^th and 15^th cycles of sub-lethal RB-aPDI/aBL or CIP (½ MIC) treatments were applied to NMB-aPDI. The susceptibility of S. aureus to NMB-aPDI was investigated upon 1 (panel A), 5 (panel B), 10 (panel C) and 15 (panel D) cycles of sub-lethal aBL/RB-aPDI or CIP (½ MIC). Microbial overnight cultures were adjusted to an optical density of 5 × 10⁷ CFU/ml and treated with 50 µM NMB and exposed to different light doses up to 65 J/cm² (λ_max 632 nm). After illumination, 10 µl aliquots were serially diluted to determine survival rate. The detection limit was 100 CFU/ml. The values are the means of three separate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD).