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. 2019 Jul 1;9:9427. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45861-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ATF3 mRNA levels and HDL cholesterol effects on TLR2-stimulated TNF release from mononuclear cells in CVID patients and controls. (a) ATF3 mRNA expression in CVID patients and healthy controls; results given with bars for median and interquartile range, ****p < 0.0001 using Mann-Whitney test between groups. mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR and values given in relation to the reference genes β-actin and GAPDH. (b) Effect of increasing HDL cholesterol concentration on TLR2- (Pam3Cys) stimulated TNF release from mononuclear cells in CVID (n = 6) and controls (n = 6); *p < 0.05. Results illustrated as median with variance, p-values calculated using repeated measures ANOVA analysis. The difference between CVID patients and the control group in TNF release at baseline from mononuclear cells after Pam3Cys stimulation was found non-significant (p = 0.389) when performing Student’s t-test on log-transformed datasets.