Table 3.

Factors Associated With Positive Xenodiagnosis Results Among 47 Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Patients: Mymensingh, Bangladesh, 2017

Factor	Xenodiagnosis Resultsa
	Negative	Positive	P Value
PKDL patients	N = 20	N = 27
Age
Mean [SD]	40.0 [12.0]	31.9 [11.0]	…b
Median [IQR]	42.5 [28.5, 50]	30 [12, 40]	.04
Female sex n (%)	9 (45.0)	8 (30.0)	.36
Previously treated PKDL	8 (40)	14 (51.9)	.55
Duration of PKDL lesions (years)
Mean [SD]	5.1 [4.5]	4.4 [3.7]	…b
Median [IQR]	3.6 [1.8, 8.9]	3.5 [1.5, 5.4]	.84
PKDL score
Mean [SD]	153 [174]	142 [121]	…b
Median [IQR]	52 [11.5, 325]	111 [44, 230]	.59
PKDL lesion type n (%)
Macular, papular, or maculopapular	17 (85.0)	9 (33.3)	.0009
Nodular or nodules plus macules	3 (15.0)	18 (66.7)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean [SD]	21.2 [2.9]	20.5 [3.0]	…b
Median [IQR]	20.8 [18.6, 23.4]	20.5 [18.7, 22.0]	.68
Skin biopsy positive by microscopy n (%)	10 (50.0)	22 (81.5)	.03
Positive qPCR in skin n (%)	20 (100)	27 (100)	1.0
Parasite load (per μg genomic DNA)
Mean [SD]	177.4 [304]	3636.8 [7130]	…b
Median [IQR]	46.1 [19, 212.6]	761.0 [205, 1958]	<.0001
Log10 parasite loadc
Mean [SD]	1.76 [0.69]	2.92 [0.82]	…b
Median [IQR]	1.66 [1.26, 2.33]	2.88 [2.31, 3.29]	<.0001

We report both the median + IQR and mean + SD to provide some indication of the skew of the distribution.

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PKDL, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; SD, standard deviation.

^aComposite results by microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction in sand flies from any of the xenodiagnosis experiments.

^bMean + SD shown to provide indication of skew of the distribution; P value based on Wilcoxon rank sum test

^cParasite load per μg genomic DNA transformed as log10(parasite load +1) to account for the possibility of zero parasite load.