Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics at Baseline and Culture Status as Confirmed During Study for Control, Incident TB, Prevalent TB, TB-combined, TB-Culture–positive, and Smear-negative Groups
| Variable | Level | Control | Incident | Prevalent | Combineda | Culture-positiveb | Smear-negativec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 283) | (n = 51) | (n = 87) | (n = 138) | (n = 106) | (n = 79) | ||
| BMI, median (IQR) | 26 (23, 31) | 24 (22, 30) | 23 (20, 25) | 24 (21, 27) | 24 (20, 25) | 24 (21, 25) | |
| Age, in years, median (IQR) | 34 (30, 39) | 33 (30, 38) | 35 (30, 39) | 34 (30, 39) | 34 (30, 38) | 35 (30, 39) | |
| Follow-up time, in months, d median (IQR) | 13 (12, 14) | 14 (6, 21) | … | … | … | … | |
| Sex | Male | 67 (24) | 12 (24) | 27 (31) | 39 (28) | 32 (30) | 22 (28) |
| Female | 216 (76) | 39 (76) | 60 (69) | 99 (72) | 74 (70) | 57 (72) | |
| Known prior TB | No | 146 (52) | 29 (59) | 59 (67) | 88 (65) | 66 (63) | 55 (70) |
| Yes | 136 (48) | 20 (41) | 28 (32) | 48 (35) | 39 (37) | 24 (30) | |
| TST positive at 5 mm | No | 160 (60) | 25 (57) | 30 (40) | 55 (46) | 36 (40) | 26 (37) |
| Yes | 107 (40) | 19 (43) | 46 (61) | 65 (54) | 54 (60) | 44 (63) | |
| TST positive at 10 mm | No | 168 (63) | 25 (57) | 32 (42) | 57 (48) | 38 (42) | 28 (40) |
| Yes | 99 (37) | 19 (43) | 44 (58) | 63 (52) | 52 (58) | 42 (60) | |
| TB symptoms at baseline | No | 265 (94) | 43 (84) | 52 (60) | 95 (69) | 68 (64) | 48 (61) |
| Yes | 18 (6) | 8 (16) | 35 (40) | 43 (31) | 38 (36) | 31 (39) | |
| CD4 category | < 200 | 112 (40) | 25 (49) | 59 (69) | 84 (61) | 68 (65) | 53 (68) |
| 200–350 | 85 (30) | 15 (29) | 14 (16) | 29 (21) | 20 (19) | 13 (17) | |
| 350 + | 86 (30) | 11 (22) | 13 (15) | 24 (18) | 17 (16) | 12 (15) | |
| Ever ART | No | 93 (36) | 21 (44) | 55 (65) | 76 (57) | 61 (59) | 23 (79) |
| Yes | 164 (64) | 27 (56) | 30 (35) | 57 (43) | 42 (41) | 6 (21) | |
| ART <3 months at baseline if ART | No | 145/164 (88) | 27/27 (100) | 24/30 (80) | 51/57 (90) | 36/42 (86) | 48 (62) |
| Yes | 19/164 (12) | 0 (0) | 6/30 (20) | 6/57 (10) | 6/42 (14) | 29 (38) | |
| QFT status at baseline e | Negative | 155 (55) | 27 (53) | 30 (34) | 57 (41) | 38 (36) | 26 (33) |
| Positive | 127 (45) | 24 (47) | 57 (66) | 81 (59) | 68 (64) | 53 (67) | |
| Culture-confirmed TB | No | 283 (100) | 32 (63) | 0 (0) | 32 (23) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 19 (37) | 87 (100) | 106 (77) | 106 (100) | 79 (100) | |
| INH treatment | No | 148 (53) | 33 (65) | … | … | … | … |
| Yes | 135 (48) | 18 (35) | … | … | … | … |
Values are given as frequency (%) unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; INH, isoniazid; IQR, interquartile range; QFT, QuantiFERON Gold-in-tube; TB, tuberculosis; TST, Tuberculin skin testing.
aThe combined column includes both the TB incident and TB prevalent groups.
bPrevalent and incident cases with positive culture confirmations.
cThe smear-negative group is the subgroup of TB prevalent cases that were also smear-negative.
dTime from screening date until study drug stop date (controls) or date of TB diagnosis (incident TB).
eThere was 1 individual from the control group who had an indeterminate QFT status at baseline.