Table 2.
Biofilm formation structure antibiotic resistance and biofilm related genes in all S. epidermidis isolat
| Sample ID | CRA | MTP | MecA | SCC typing | bhp | aap | ica | MDR | XDR | Antimicrobial resistance pattern | SM | PK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | P | Moderate | + | IV | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD | + | MN, CD, E, T, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S2 | P | Weak | – | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD | + | E, RP, FOX | D | Nd | ||
| S3 | N | N | – | IV | + | – | E, TN, AM | Nd | Nd | |||
| S4 | P | Strong | – | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD | + | CIP, MN, CD, E, RP, GN, T | D | Nd | ||
| S5 | P | Strong | + | IV | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, ATH, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S6 | N | N | – | + | – | icaA, icaD | CD | Nd | Nd | |||
| S7 | P | Weak | – | – | + | icaA, icaD | E | D | Nd | |||
| S8 | P | Moderate | – | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, MN, CD | D | Nd | ||
| S9 | P | Moderate | – | – | + | icaA, icaD | CD | D | Nd | |||
| S10 | N | N | – | II | + | + | + | CIP, TN, ATH, CLA | Nd | Nd | ||
| S11 | N | N | – | – | – | icaA, icaD | + | E, GN, ATH, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S12 | P | Strong | – | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, E, GN, ATH, T | D | Nd | ||
| S13 | N | N | – | I | – | - | + | CIP, MN, CD, RP, GN, AM | Nd | Nd | ||
| S14 | P | Moderate | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, RP, TN, AM, ATH, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S15 | N | N | – | – | - | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, E, AM, ATH | Nd | Nd | ||
| S16 | P | Weak | – | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | E, GN, TN, T | D | Nd | ||
| S17 | N | N | – | – | - | icaA, icaD | CIP, TN, AM | Nd | Nd | |||
| S18 | P | Strong | + | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, TN, AM, ATH, T, FOX | D | Nd | ||
| S19 | N | N | + | II | – | - | + | E, GN, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S20 | N | N | – | – | - | icaA, icaD | + | CD, E, GN, AM, ATH | Nd | Nd | ||
| S21 | P | Weak | + | III | – | + | icaA, icaC | + | E, GN, TN, AM, FOX | Nd | D | |
| S22 | P | Strong | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, MN, CD, RP, GN, TN, ATH, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S23 | N | N | – | – | – | + | CD, AM, ATH | Nd | Nd | |||
| S24 | N | N | – | + | – | + | CIP, CD, E, T, FOX | Nd | Nd | |||
| S25 | P | Moderate | + | I | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, GN, ATH, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S26 | P | Moderate | – | – | + | + | CIP, CD, E, TN, TS | Nd | D | |||
| S27 | N | N | – | – | + | + | E, AM, ATH | Nd | Nd | |||
| S28 | P | Moderate | – | – | + | icaA, icaC | + | CD, E, TN, TS | Nd | D | ||
| S29 | P | Strong | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, MN, CD, E, RP, GN, TN, AM, Lev, FOX | Nd | D | |
| S30 | N | N | – | – | – | + | E, GN, Lev, ATH, CLA | Nd | Nd | |||
| S31 | P | Strong | + | I | – | + | + | CIP, CD, E, RP, AM, Lev, FOX | D | Nd | ||
| S32 | N | N | + | III | – | + | + | E, GN, Lev, CLA, DXT, RP, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S33 | P | Strong | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, CD, E, RP, GN, AM, FOX | Nd | D | |
| S34 | N | Moderate | – | – | – | icaA, icaD | + | E, GN, TN, Lev, TS | D | Nd | ||
| S35 | P | Strong | + | III | – | – | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, GN, TN, AM, Lev, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S36 | P | Moderate | + | II | – | + | + | CIP, CD, E ,GN, TN, AM, Lev, FOX | Nd | D | ||
| S37 | N | N | – | + | – | + | E, GN, AM, DXT, FOX | Nd | Nd | |||
| S38 | P | Strong | + | I | – | – | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, MN, CD, E, RP, GN, TN, AM, Lev, CLA, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S39 | P | Moderate | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, TN, AM, FOX, TS | Nd | D | |
| S40 | P | Moderate | – | – | + | icaA, icaB | + | CIP, CD, E | Nd | D | ||
| S41 | N | N | + | II | – | – | + | CD, E, AM, T, DXT, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S42 | N | N | + | II | – | + | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, AM, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S43 | N | N | + | III | – | – | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, AM, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S44 | N | N | + | II | + | + | icaA, icaD | + | CD, E, AM, Lev, T, FOX | Nd | Nd | |
| S45 | N | N | + | III | – | + | + | CIP, E, AM, T, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S46 | N | N | + | IV | + | + | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, MN, GN, TN, AM, FOX | Nd | Nd | |
| S47 | P | Strong | + | II | – | – | icaA, icaB, icaD | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, TN, AM, CLA, FOX, TS | D | Nd | |
| S48 | N | Weak | – | – | – | icaA, icaD | E, AM | D | Nd | |||
| S49 | N | N | + | II | + | – | + | CD, E, TN, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S50 | N | Weak | + | III | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, TN, AM, FOX | Nd | D | |
| S51 | P | Strong | + | – | + | icaA, icaB, icaD, icaC | + | E, GN, TN, FOX, TS | Nd | D | ||
| S52 | N | N | + | III | + | + | + | CD, E, TN, T, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S53 | P | Strong | + | III | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, CD, AM, CLA, DXT, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S54 | N | Weak | – | – | + | CD, E | Nd | D | ||||
| S55 | P | Strong | + | II | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, AM, Lev, CLA, DXT, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S56 | N | N | – | – | – | icaA | + | E, AM, T | Nd | Nd | ||
| S57 | P | Strong | – | + | – | icaA ,icaB, icaD | + | CD, E, AM, CLA | D | Nd | ||
| S58 | N | N | + | II | – | – | + | CIP, MN, CD, E, GN, FOX, TS | Nd | Nd | ||
| S59 | P | Strong | + | III | – | – | icaA, icaD | + | E, GN, AM, CLA, DXT, FOX | D | Nd | |
| S60 | N | N | – | – | + | + | CIP, CD, E, T | Nd | Nd | |||
| S61 | P | Strong | – | – | + | + | E, GN, AM, T N, C LA , T, D XT, TS | Nd | D | |||
| S62 | N | N | + | III | – | – | + | CD, GN, DXT, FOX | Nd | Nd | ||
| S63 | P | Moderate | + | III | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | CIP, CD, E, GN, T, FOX, TS | Nd | D | |
| S64 | N | Weak | + | – | + | icaA, icaD | + | E, GN, CLA, T, FOX | Nd | D | ||
| S65 | N | N | + | II | – | – | + | CIP, MN, CD, E, GN, AM, T, FOX | Nd | Nd |
Note: +/positive, -/negative.
Abbreviations: mecA, methicillin-resistant gene; SCC, staphylococcal cassette chromosome; MDR, multidrug resistance; XDR, extensive drug resistance; ica, intercellular adhesion; aap, accumulation-associated protein; bhp, biofilm associated protein; AM, amikacin; GN, gentamicin; FOX, cefoxitin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; T, tetracycline; TS, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; ATH, azithromycin; CLA, clarithromycin; LZD, linezolid; RP, rifampin; DXT, doxycycline; MN, minocycline; TN, tobramycin; CD, clindamycin; Lecv, levofloxacin; V, vancomycin; MTP, microtiterplate; P, positive; N, negative; CRA, Congo red agar; SM, sodium metaperiodate; PK, proteinase K; D, dissolve; Nd, Not dissolved.