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Genome editing exploit endogenous DNA repair mechanism. A) Genome editing nucleases (ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9) induce DSBs at targeted sites. DSBs are repaired by NHEJ or, in the presence of donor template, HDR. NHEJ will induce indels at editing site and HDR could insert predicted DNA fragments. The inhibition of NHEJ key enzyme DNA ligase IV could increase the efficiency of HDR. B) NHEJ and HDR would occur in different stages of cell cycle.
