Table 2.

Studies evaluating the association of electrocardiographic LVH with clinical outcomes in chronic renal disease

References	Population	Sample size	Follow-up	Results	Comments
Covic et al. [12]	Prevalent HD and PD	418	67 months ( mean)	LVH by Novacode predictive of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.11–8.28; P < 0.05)	11 other methods not predictive
Kim et al. [13]	Incident HD	317	27.4 months (mean)	LVH by Sokolow–Lyon voltage duration product (HR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.32–892; P = 0.011) and Cornell voltage duration product (HR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.16–8.11; P = 0.024) predictive of cardiovascular mortality	50% discordance between ECG and echocardiographic diagnosis of LVH
Cice et al. [15]	Prevalent HD	407	46 months (mean)	LVH with strain predictive of cardiovascular deaths (P < 0.05) and sudden deaths (P < 0.01)	Univariate analysis
Krane et al. [14]	HD with diabetes	1253	48 months (mean)	LVH with Sokolow–Lyon criteria was predictive of sudden death (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44; P = 0.027)	A trend towards higher risk for cardiovascular endpoints was detected
Agarwal and Light [16]	CKD, excluding ESRD	387	90 months (median)	LVH with Sokolow–Lyon criteria prognostic for all-cause mortality (HR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.50–5.37; P < 0.001)	Multivariate analysis including adjustment for blood pressure