Table 3.

Studies evaluating the association of QTc with clinical outcomes in chronic renal disease

References	Population	Sample size	Follow up	Results	Comments
Hage et al. [23]	HD and PD evaluated for transplantation	280	40 months (mean)	QTc independent predictor of survival (HR = 1.008, 95% CI 1.001–1.014; P = 0.016)
Flueckiger et al. [24]	CKD 5 and ESRD evaluated for renal transplantation	930	37.2 months (median)	QTc >450 ms associated with risk of death in adjusted analysis (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.11–2.63; P = 0.0158)
Deo et al. [27]	CKD	3939	90 months (median)	Prolonged QTc associated with all cause (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.16–1.84) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.19–2.49)	Association with cardiovascular death ceased to exist in subgroup adjusted analysis that included LVMI and LVEF
Dobre et al. [26]	CKD 3–5	1165	123.6 months (mean)	Prolonged QT was associated with 61% higher risk for cardiovascular events (HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16–2.23)	Predominantly CKD 3 (95.6% of study population)
Genovesi et al. [25]	HD	122	46.8 months (median)	Prolonged QTc independently associated with all cause mortality (HR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.20–3.91; P = 0.011) and sudden death (HR = 8.33, 95% CI 1.71–40.48; P = 0.009)
Krane et al. [14] Malik et al. [71]	HD with diabetes CKD	1253 6565	48 months (mean) 159.6 months	QT interval not associated with outcomes QTc improved the risk prediction of traditional models (P < 0.00001 for all-cause mortality and P < 0.00001 for cardiovascular mortality)