Table 6.
Studies evaluating the association of HRV and outcomes in CKD
| References | Population | Sample size | Follow-up | Results | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oikawa et al. [65] | HD | 383 | 2110 ± 903 days | Independent association between reduced SDNN and all-cause (HR = 2.181, 95% CI 1.530–3.108; P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.114, 95% CI 1.200–3.725; P = 0.01) | |
| Chandra et al. [68] | CKD 3–5 | 305 | 2.7 years (median) | A LF/HF ratio below the median was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiac events (HR = 2.52; P = 0.002) | |
| Pei et al. [66] | PD | 81 | 43.78 ± 14.77 months | LF/HF below the median significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P = 0.012) | |
| Suzuki et al. [67] | HD | 281 | 87 months (median) | The scaling component α1 was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; P = 0.001) | None of the traditional HRV parameters was associated with mortality |
| Badarau et al. [38] | HD | 116 | 17.5 months (mean) | Association between VLF component and all-cause mortality (log VLF, HR = 1.741, 95% CI 1.047–2.895; P = 0.033) |
SDNN = standard deviation of normal to normal R–R intervals; VLF = very low frequency; LF = low frequency; HF = high frequency.