TABLE 1—
Sociodemographic Characteristics of US Adults and 12-Month Uninsurance Rate, 2008–2017
| Distribution 2008–2017, % | Uninsured Pre-ACA, % (SE) | Uninsured Post-ACA, % (SE) | P Pre- vs Post-ACA | |
| All working-age adults | 100.0 | 25.6 (0.3) | 17.5 (0.3) | < .001 |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 19–25 | 15.7 | 40.7 (0.8) | 20.9 (0.7) | < .001 |
| 26–34 | 19.9 | 32.8 (0.6) | 23.8 (0.5) | < .001 |
| 35–44 | 21.3 | 24.9 (0.5) | 19.2 (0.5) | < .001 |
| 45–54 | 22.9 | 19.5 (0.4) | 14.6 (0.4) | < .001 |
| 55–64 | 20.2 | 14.4 (0.4) | 10.4 (0.3) | < .001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 49.1 | 27.9 (0.4) | 18.9 (0.4) | < .001 |
| Female | 50.9 | 23.4 (0.3) | 16.2 (0.3) | < .001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White/other | 64.9 | 20.4 (0.3) | 13.3 (0.3) | < .001 |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 12.5 | 30.1 (0.6) | 20.2 (0.7) | < .001 |
| Non-Hispanic AIAN | 0.7 | 41.1 (3.7) | 33.1 (2.8) | .06 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 5.6 | 19.0 (0.8) | 11.3 (0.6) | < .001 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 16.3 | 46.9 (0.8) | 32.1 (0.8) | < .001 |
| Family incomea | ||||
| < FPL | 13.9 | 47.7 (0.9) | 31.7 (0.8) | < .001 |
| 1–1.99 × FPL | 17.1 | 47.3 (0.7) | 31.5 (0.6) | < .001 |
| 2–3.99 × FPL | 28.4 | 26.6 (0.4) | 19.2 (0.4) | < .001 |
| ≥ 4 × FPL | 40.5 | 9.0 (0.3) | 6.5 (0.2) | < .001 |
| Disability status | ||||
| Needs ADL help | 1.3 | 14.0 (1.6) | 9.9 (1.2) | .049 |
| Disability prevents work | 6.0 | 19.4 (0.8) | 13.6 (0.7) | < .001 |
| Other mental health disability | 2.6 | 40.8 (1.4) | 27.2 (1.5) | < .001 |
| Other physical or cognitive disability | 3.7 | 26.2 (1.1) | 16.4 (0.9) | < .001 |
| No disability | 86.3 | 25.7 (0.3) | 17.6 (0.3) | < .001 |
Note. ACA = Affordable Care Act; ADL = activities of daily living; AIAN = American Indian/Alaska Native; FPL = federal poverty level.
a
FPL defined annually by US Department of Health and Human Services.