TABLE 4—

Adjusted Odds Ratios for Factors Predicting Having a Regular Provider in a Doctor’s Office or Clinic Among US Adults Aged 19–64 Years, 2008–2010, 2015–2017, and Change Between Those Periods

	Pre-ACA, AOR (95% CI)	Change Between Pre- and Post-ACA, AOR (95% CI)	Post-ACA, AOR (95% CI)
Age group, y
19–25	0.35 (0.31, 0.38)	1.09 (0.95, 1.25)	0.38 (0.34, 0.42)
26–34	0.38 (0.35, 0.41)	0.91 (0.81, 1.03)	0.35 (0.32, 0.38)
35–44	0.59 (0.54, 0.65)	1.00 (0.88, 1.14)	0.59 (0.54, 0.66)
45–54	0.74 (0.68, 0.80)	1.01 (0.89, 1.16)	0.75 (0.68, 0.82)
55–64 (Ref)	1	1	1
Gender
Male	0.43 (0.40, 0.45)	1.14 (1.06, 1.23)	0.49 (0.46, 0.51)
Female (Ref)	1	1	1
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White/other (Ref)	1	1	1
Non-Hispanic African American	0.88 (0.82, 0.95)	1.09 (0.97, 1.22)	0.96 (0.88, 1.04)
Non-Hispanic AIAN	0.71 (0.49, 1.03)	1.38 (0.85, 2.24)	0.98 (0.71, 1.34)
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.90 (0.80, 1.01)	1.01 (0.85, 1.19)	0.91 (0.81, 1.03)
Latino/Hispanic	0.62 (0.58, 0.67)	1.17 (1.05, 1.30)	0.72 (0.67, 0.78)
Family incomea
< FPL	0.26 (0.23, 0.28)	1.38 (1.20, 1.58)	0.35 (0.32, 0.39)
1–1.99 × FPL	0.29 (0.27, 0.31)	1.39 (1.23, 1.57)	0.40 (0.37, 0.44)
2–3.99 × FPL	0.52 (0.48, 0.56)	1.14 (1.03, 1.26)	0.59 (0.54, 0.63)
≥ 4 × FPL (Ref)	1	1	1
Disability status
Needs ADL help	3.04 (2.26, 4.10)	0.75 (0.50, 1.13)	2.29 (1.73, 3.03)
Disability prevents work	1.82 (1.59, 2.07)	0.97 (0.81, 1.17)	1.76 (1.55, 2.01)
Other mental health disability	0.76 (0.66, 0.89)	1.14 (0.92, 1.43)	0.87 (0.74, 1.03)
Other physical/cognitive disability	1.13 (1.004, 1.28)	1.25 (1.03, 1.52)	1.42 (1.22, 1.66)
No disability (Ref)	1	1	1
Time period
Pre-ACA (Ref)		1
Post-ACA (2015–2017)		0.93 (0.81, 1.07)

Note. ACA = Affordable Care Act; ADL = activities of daily living; AIAN = American Indian/Alaska Native; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; FPL = federal poverty level.

^aFPL defined annually by US Department of Health and Human Services.