Table 1.
Prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors among Chinese adolescents.
| Variable | Prevalence (95% CI) | Unadjusted p value for Trend | Adjusted p value for Trend * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012–2013 | 2014–2015 | 2016–2017 | |||
| Opioid use | |||||
| Lifetime | 6.18 (5.87–6.49) | 4.43 (4.14–4.72) | 1.99 (1.81–2.17) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Past 12-month | 1.74 (1.58–1.90) | 2.09 (1.89–2.29) | 1.11 (0.97–1.25) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Past 30-day | 1.08 (0.96–1.20) | 0.92 (0.78–1.06) | 0.52 (0.42–0.62) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sedative use | |||||
| Lifetime | 4.05 (3.80–4.30) | 4.55 (4.26–4.84) | 1.02 (0.88–1.16) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Past 12-month | 1.37 (1.21–1.53) | 2.25 (2.03–2.47) | 0.72 (0.60–0.84) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Past 30-day | 0.77 (0.65–0.89) | 1.04 (0.90–1.18) | 0.42 (0.34–0.50) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lifetime MDMA use | 0.49 (0.41–0.57) | 0.42 (0.32–0.52) | 0.48 (0.38–0.58) | 0.11 | |
| Lifetime Methamphetamine use | 0 | 0.44 (0.34–0.54) | 0.48 (0.38–0.58) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lifetime ketamine use | 0.65 (0.55–0.75) | 0.55 (0.45–0.65) | 0.54 (0.44–0.64) | <0.001 | 0.858 |
| Lifetime Mephedrone use | 0.30 (0.22–0.38) | 0.20 (0.14–0.26) | 0.24 (0.18–0.30) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lifetime smoking | 5.24 (4.95–5.53) | 5.25 (4.84–5.46) | 12.39 (11.94–12.84) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lifetime drinking | 20.10 (19.57–20.63) | 28.36 (27.56–29.16) | 29.15 (28.29–30.01) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Suicide attempts | 2.41 (2.21–2.61) | 2.57 (2.35–2.79) | 2.46 (2.26–2.66) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| Sleep disturbance | 43.67 (43.00–44.34) | 32.31 (31.62–33.00) | 52.73 (52.04–53.42) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
MDMA = 3,4-methylene dioxy methamphetamine; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. * Adjusting for age, gender, living arrangement, household socioeconomic status, classmate relations, and teacher–classmate relations.