Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and psychotropic prescription patterns of bipolar disorder patients with and without a history of suicide attempts
| Total sample (N=350) | Lifetime suicidal attempt |
Statistical coefficients | Unadjusted p-value | Adjusted p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (N=53) | Absent (N=297) | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) years | 43.6 (15.2) | 45.0 (16.2) | 43.4 (15.0) | t=0.720 | 0.472 | - |
| Female, N (%) | 210 (60.0) | 32 (60.4) | 178 (59.9) | χ2=0.004 | 0.951 | - |
| Employed, N (%) | 63 (18.0) | 8 (15.1) | 55 (18.5) | χ2=0.357 | 0.550 | 0.965 |
| Outpatient, N (%) | 197 (56.3) | 23 (43.4) | 174 (58.6) | χ2=4.217 | 0.040 | - |
| Duration of illness, N (%)† | χ2=1.946 | 0.857 | - | |||
| <6 months | 22 (6.7) | 2 (4.0) | 20 (7.2) | |||
| 6–12 months | 6 (1.8) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (1.8) | |||
| 1–5 years | 50 (15.2) | 9 (18.0) | 41 (14.7) | |||
| 5–10 years | 75 (22.9) | 14 (28.0) | 61 (21.9) | |||
| 10–20 years | 87 (26.5) | 12 (24.0) | 75 (27.0) | |||
| >20 years | 88 (26.8) | 12 (24.0) | 76 (23.2) | |||
| Duration of untreated illness, N (%)‡ | χ2=0.520 | 0.914 | - | |||
| <6 months | 115 (42.1) | 17 (43.6) | 98 (41.9) | 0.808 | ||
| 6–12 months | 53 (19.4) | 6 (15.4) | 47 (20.1) | 0.418 | ||
| 1–5 years | 70 (25.6) | 11 (28.2) | 59 (25.2) | 0.464 | ||
| >5 years | 35 (12.8) | 5 (1.8) | 30 (12.8) | 0.531 | ||
| Polarity at onset, N (%)§ | χ2=0.794 | 0.373 | 0.502 | |||
| Depressive episode | 79 (32.0) | 16 (38.1) | 63 (31.0) | |||
| Manic episode | 166 (67.8) | 26 (61.9) | 140 (69.0) | |||
| Current episode, N (%) | ||||||
| Depressive episode | 36 (10.3) | 13 (24.5) | 23 (7.7) | χ2=13.730 | <0.0001 | 0.040 |
| Manic episode | 54 (15.4) | 6 (11.3) | 48 (16.2) | χ2=0.808 | 0.369 | 0.313 |
| Mixed episode | 16 (4.6 | 4 (7.5) | 12 (4.0) | χ2=1.268 | 0.260 | 0.241 |
| Remission | 216 (61.7) | 27 (50.9) | 189 (63.6) | χ2=3.067 | 0.080 | 0.040 |
| Duration of current episode, N (%)ǁ | χ2=4.484 | 0.345 | - | |||
| <1 month | 77 (24.2) | 10 (21.3) | 67 (24.7) | 0.122 | ||
| 1–3 months | 106 (33.3) | 11 (23.4) | 95 (35.1) | 0.973 | ||
| 3–6 months | 41 (12.9) | 9 (19.1) | 32 (11.8) | 0.078 | ||
| 6–12 months | 19 (6.0) | 4 (8.5) | 15 (5.5) | 0.085 | ||
| >1 year | 75 (23.6) | 13 (27.7) | 62 (22.9) | 0.099 | ||
| Rapid cycling in lifetime, N (%) | 11 (3.1) | 3 (5.7) | 8 (2.7) | χ2=1.300 | 0.254 | 0.271 |
| Seasonality in lifetime, N (%) | 14 (4.0) | 4 (7.5) | 10 (3.4) | χ2=2.047 | 0.153 | 0.618 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) kg/m2 | 24.3 (4.1) | 23.8 (4.6) | 24.4 (4.0) | t=-1.016 | 0.310 | 0.275 |
| CBC and blood chemistries | ||||||
| White blood cell, mean (SD)×103/uL | 6.6 (2.2) | 6.5 (2.1) | 6.7 (2.3) | t=-0.412 | 0.681 | 0.839 |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD) g/d | 13.2 (1.7) | 12.5 (1.8) | 13.7 (1.6) | t=-2.772 | 0.006 | 0.016 |
| Platelet, mean (SD)×103/u | 241.0 (59.3) | 243.0 (63.4) | 240.6 (58.7) | t=0.210 | 0.834 | 0.954 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) mg/dL | 181.2 (38.4) | 174.3 (38.1) | 182.9 (38.5) | t=-1.137 | 0.257 | 0.248 |
| Triglyceride, mean (SD) mg/dL | 137.0 (105.6) | 111.3 (52.3) | 142.2 (112.8) | t=-1.224 | 0.223 | 0.601 |
| Mood stabilizer, N (%) | 327 (93.4) | 47 (88.7) | 280 (94.3) | χ2=2.295 | 0.130 | 0.092 |
| Antipsychotic, N (%) | 317 (90.6) | 47 (88.7) | 270 (90.9) | χ2=0.262 | 0.609 | 0.641 |
| Antidepressant, N (%) | 64 (18.3) | 17 (32.1) | 47 (15.8) | χ2=7.949 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Anxiolytic, N (%) | 167 (47.7) | 32 (60.4) | 135 (45.5) | χ2=4.015 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Hypnotic, N (%) | 30 (8.6) | 10 (18.9) | 20 (6.7) | χ2=8.450 | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Anti-parkinson drug, n (%) | 45 (12.9) | 9 (17.0) | 36 (12.1) | χ2=0.948 | 0.330 | 0.205 |
*
adjusted for potential effects of age, sex, enrollment as an outpatient and duration of illness,
†
N=328,
‡
N=273,
§
N=245,
ǁ
N=318.
CBC: complete blood cell count, SD: standard deviation