Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, internal reliability, and zero-order correlations of the study variables (n = 1209).
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Age | - | ||||||
| 2. Gender | 0.01 | - | |||||
| 3. Physical activity | −0.21 *** | −0.16 *** | - | ||||
| 4. Mental toughness | −0.09 *** | −0.08 *** | 0.28 *** | - | |||
| 5. Emotional exhaustion | 0.09 ** | 0.08 *** | −0.12 *** | −0.23 *** | - | ||
| 6. Cynicism | 0.11 *** | 0.02 | −0.09 *** | −0.23 *** | 0.76 *** | - | |
| 7. Academic inefficacy | 0.06 | −0.07 * | −0.15 *** | −0.46 *** | 0.14 *** | 0.21 *** | - |
| α | - | - | 0.85 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.85 |
| M | 14.85 | - | 2.21 | 4.96 | 17.07 | 12.06 | 12.54 |
| SD | 1.78 | - | 0.72 | 1.05 | 5.83 | 5.39 | 6.33 |
| Range | 12–21 | - | 1–5 | 1–7 | 0–30 | 0–24 | 0–36 |
Note. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.