Table A3.

Quality assessment for quantitative studies [19].

Study Assessment Question	Arora et al. [8]	Robinson et al. [13]	Taylor [20]	Qui and Ni [29]	Soh [30]	Kavathe et al. [16]	Jones et al. [27]	Selikowitz and Holst [9]	Williams et al. [10]	Ghiabi et al. [21]	Cruz et al. [28]	Kay et al. [22]
1. Is the research question clearly stated?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2. Are the criteria for selecting the sample clearly defined?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3. Is the method of recruitment clear?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4. Are the characteristics of the sample adequately defined?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5. Is the final sample adequate and appropriate?	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
6. Was the method for collecting data adequately described?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
7. Was the data collected systematically?	Yes	Yes	U/D	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
8. Was the relationship between the researcher and the participant explicit?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
9. Were the methods used in the data analysis appropriate and designed to minimize bias?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	N/A
10. Is evidence provided in support of the analysis?	Yes	Yes.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
11. Is there evidence of efforts to establish validity?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A
12. Were the conclusions drawn appropriate given the results?	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes