Table 3.
Solid-phase concentration from total elemental analysis and carbon content.
| Chemical Properties | Red mud samples | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GX-A-B | GX-B-B | SD-A-B | SD-B-B | HN-A-C | ||
| Major elements (%) | ASTM D5198 | |||||
| Aluminum (Al) | 9.1 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 7.5 [21] |
| Calcium (Ca) | 10.9 | 9.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 10.8 | 6.0 [21] |
| Iron (Fe) | 18.6 | 19.7 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 6.2 | 20 [21] |
| Sodium (Na) | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 4.3 [21] |
| Titanium (Ti) | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 [21] |
| Silicon (Si) | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 10.6 | NA |
| Trace elements (µg/g) | ASTM D5198 | |||||
| Potassium (K) | 60 | 100 | 80 | 40 | 1140 | 420 [21] |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 350 | 240 | 30 | 60 | 570 | 460 [21] |
| Arsenic (As) | 102 | 203 | 36.2 | 29.4 | 28.7 | 10.7–40.3 [22] |
| Barium (Ba) | 59.1 | 58.9 | 47.4 | 47.4 | 155.5 | 124–1380 [22] |
| Cobalt (Co) | 42.5 | 50.7 | 3.2 | 18.9 | 9.8 | 5.3–348.9 [23] |
| Chromium (Cr) | 1370 | 2370 | 570 | 640 | 480 | 123–1130 [23] |
| Copper (Cu) | 71.2 | 97.7 | 11.6 | 52.0 | 30.3 | 31.9–107 [22] |
| Lithium (Li) | 65.1 | 35.7 | 5.8 | 16 | 287 | 28.2–162 [22] |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1310 | 814 | 73 | 447 | 188 | NA |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 4.93 | 11.6 | 5.38 | 6.44 | 1.46 | 4.12–13.2 [22] |
| Nickel (Ni) | 123 | 98.7 | 24.8 | 55.3 | 46.5 | 59.7–1072 [23] |
| Lead (Pb) | 119 | 132 | 43.7 | 49.4 | 64.9 | 47.4–272 [22] |
| Zinc (Zn) | 48 | 56 | 17 | 84 | 17 | 33.3–110 [22] |
| Carbon content (%) | LECO carbon analyzer | |||||
| Total carbon | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.6 | NA |
| Inorganic carbon | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | NA |
| Organic carbon | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | NA |
NA: not available.