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. 2019 Apr 2;220(3):432–441. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz127

Table 3.

Association Between Baseline Covariates and Sustained Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Load in an Early Infection Cohort

Covariate Volunteers,a No. ART-Free Follow-Up, PY Viral Controllers, No. Unadjusted Analysis Adjusted Analysis
OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P
Estimated time of infection
 2005–2006 170 760.5 25 Reference …
 2007–2008 218 812.4 41 1.48 (.86–2.58) .163 …
 2009–2011 202 570.2 41 1.82 (1.06–3.19) .032 …
Age at estimated time of infection
<25 y 160 544.8 38 Reference Reference
≥25 y 430 1598.4 69 0.58
(.37–.91)		 .016 0.64
(.39–1.06)		 .068
Sex
 Male 351 1270.9 50 Reference Reference
 Female 239 872.4 57 1.89
(1.24–2.90)		 .003 1.78
(1.12–2.84)		 .015
Risk group
 Discordant couple 427 1522.8 71 Reference
 MSM 90 311.7 17 1.19
(.64–2.12)		 .556
 Other heterosexual 65 268 17 1.68
(.89–3.07)		 .097
 Unknown 8 40.8 2 1.41
(.20–6.35)		 .681
HLA-A*03, by sex
Female
No 213 754.1 49 Reference
Yes 26 118.3 8 1.33
(.51–3.18)		 .539
Male
No 325 1166.7 46 0.55
(.35–.85)		 .008
Yes 26 104.2 4 0.57
(.16–1.59)		 .326
HLA-B*45:01
 No 499 1857.8 96 Reference Reference
 Yes 91 285.5 11 0.62
(.3–1.16)		 .160 0.65
(.31–1.25)		 .222
HLA-B*58:02
 No 504 1819.2 96 Reference Reference
 Yes 86 324 11 0.61
(.29–1.15)		 .148 0.53
(.25–1.04)		 .081
HLA-B*57
 No 535 1901.6 90 Reference Reference
 Yes 55 241.6 17 2.02
(1.07–3.72)		 .026 1.90
(.98–3.58)		 .051
HLA-A*02:02
 No 535 1946.9 95 Reference
 Yes 55 196.3 12 1.32
(.64–2.55)		 .424
Baseline CD4+ T-cell count 590 2143.2 107 1.13b
(1.04–1.23)		 .002 1.09b
(1.00–1.18)		 .058
HIV-1 subtype
 C 273 929.7 38 Reference Reference
 A 207 832.1 52 1.97
(1.24–3.17)		 .004 2.09
(1.27–3.49)		 .004
 D 81 278.4 15 1.43
(.72–2.74)		 .287 1.44
(.71–2.80)		 .292
 Otherc 29 102.9 2 0.46
(.07–1.64)		 .306 0.51
(.08–1.88)		 .383

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; MSM, men who report sex with men; OR, odds ratio; PY, person-years.

aData are for 590 volunteers with viral load, subtype, and HLA data available.

bData are the odds of viral control for every 100-cell increase in counts (ie, in the adjusted analysis, the odds of control increases 9% for every 100-cell increase in baseline CD4+ T-cell count).

cTwelve volunteers had subtype A1/D virus, 6 had subtype A1/C, 2 had subtype A1/A2/D, 2 had subtype CRF02_AG, 2 had subtype G, and 1 each had subtype A1/C/D, B, C/K, CRF11_CPX, or D/C.