Figure 1.

Aging is associated with increased proinflammatory and pro-oxidative signatures in lung alveolar lining fluid (ALF). A, Number of proteins shared between and found uniquely in adult or elderly ALF (A-ALF and E-ALF, respectively) identified by 2D liquid chromatography electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. B, Fold change relative to A-ALF based on total (total ion current [TIC]; the sum of the TIC values of all tandem [MS2] spectra assigned to a protein) for proteins classified as pro-oxidative or proinflammatory found in human ALF. C, Fold change relative to A-ALF based on total TIC values for proteins classified as anti-oxidative or anti-inflammatory found in human ALF. D, Fold change relative to A-ALF based on total TIC values for proteins classified as antimicrobial found in human ALF. Values in B–D correspond to log₂ (median total TIC E-ALF / median total TIC A-ALF) for n = 4 in each group. Abbreviations: A1AT, α-1-antitrypsin; AK1A1, alcohol dehydrogenase; AL7A1, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; ANXA1, annexin A1; ARK72, aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2; ATRN, attractin; BPIA1, BPI fold-containing family A member 1; CATG, cathepsin G; CATS, cathepsin S; CBR1, carbonyl reductase; CD166, CD166 antigen; CDC42, cell division control protein 42 homolog; CFAB, complement factor B; CO2, complement component 2; CO3, complement component 3; CO4A, complement component 4a; CO4B, complement component 4b; CO5, complement component 5; CO6, complement component 6; DEF1, neutrophil defensin 1; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; ELNE, neutrophil elastase; FHR1, complement factor H–related protein 1; GPX1, glutathione peroxidase 1; GSHR, glutathione reductase, mitochondrial; GSTA1, glutathione S-transferase A1; GSTA2, glutathione S-transferase A2; HSPB1, heat shock protein β-1; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; LDHA, l-lactate dehydrogenase A chain; LDHB, l-lactate dehydrogenase B chain; LYSC, lysozyme C; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; MUC4, mucin 4; MUC5A, mucin 5AC; MUC16, mucin 16; NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PERE, eosinophil peroxidase; PERM, myeloperoxidase; PIGR, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; PLMN, plasminogen; PGRP2, N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase (in humans); PRDX6, peroxiredoxin 6; PTMA, prothymosin-α; RNAS2, nonsecretory ribonuclease; S10A8, protein S100-A8; S10A9, protein S100-A9; S10AC, protein S100-A12; SFPA2, pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2; SODC, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; THIO, thioredoxin; VTNC, vitronectin; YBOX1, nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1.