TABLE 1.
Kinematic Variables | No. of Studies |
Reference No. | n | Heterogeneity | Test for Overall Effect |
Mean Difference |
95% CI | Result After IPP |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | I2 | Z | P | |||||||
Hip flexion at IC | 4 | 8, 11, 18, 23 | 79 | .22 | 30% | 2.60 | .009 | 4.21 | 1.04 to 7.38 | Increased |
Peak hip flexion | 8 | 6, 8, 11, 12, 18, 23, 30, 48 | 173 | .60 | 0% | 3.14 | .002 | 3.70 | 1.39 to 6.01 | Increased |
Hip adduction at IC | 3 | 8, 23, 33 | 75 | .19 | 37% | 0.12 | .90 | –0.15 | –2.60 to 2.30 | No effect |
Peak hip adduction | 5 | 6, 8, 23, 33, 43 | 123 | .15 | 35% | 0.70 | .48 | –0.60 | –2.27 to 1.07 | No effect |
Knee flexion at IC | 6 | 8, 9, 11, 18, 23, 35 | 104 | .08 | 47% | 1.33 | .18 | 1.83 | –0.87 to 4.52 | No effect |
Peak knee flexion | 13 | 6–9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 23, 25, 30, 43, 48 | 237 | .15 | 28% | 2.69 | .007 | 2.86 | 0.78 to 4.95 | Increased |
Knee abduction at IC | 5 | 3, 8, 11, 23, 33 | 108 | .45 | 0% | 0.60 | .55 | –0.25 | –1.05 to 0.56 | No effect |
Peak knee abduction | 11 | 3, 6, 8, 11, 12, 23, 30, 33, 43, 48, 51 | 239 | .94 | 0% | 0.75 | .45 | –0.29 | –1.05 to 0.47 | No effect |
Kinematic Variables | No. of Studies |
Reference No. | n | Heterogeneity | Test for Overall Effect |
Standard Mean Difference |
95% CI | Result After IPP |
||
P | I2 | Z | P | |||||||
Peak hip flexion moment | 5 | 6, 8, 11, 18, 23 | 109 | .31 | 15% | 1.42 | .16 | –0.22 | –0.51 to 0.08 | No effect |
Peak hip adduction moment | 4 | 6, 8, 12, 23 | 126 | .72 | 0% | 0.48 | .63 | 0.06 | –0.19 to 0.31 | No effect |
Peak knee flexion moment | 7 | 6, 8, 9, 11, 18, 23, 51 | 139 | .76 | 0% | 2.81 | .005 | –0.34 | –0.58 to –0.10 | Decreased |
Peak knee abduction moment | 12 | 3, 6–9, 11, 12, 23, 25, 32, 34, 51 | 260 | .10 | 33% | 2.44 | .01 | –0.28 | –0.50 to –0.05 | Decreased |
Peak vGRF | 10 | 1, 3, 8, 12, 15, 19, 23, 28, 31, 51 | 214 | .02 | 49% | 1.63 | .10 | –0.23 | –0.51 to 0.05 | No effect |
Most forest plots are in Appendix D. IC, initial contact; IPP, injury prevention program; vGRF, vertical ground-reaction force.