Table 3.
Description of participant samples with high (Sample 1) and low (Sample 2) prevalence of Speech Motor Delay (SMD).a.
| Sample 1: High Prevalence of SMD (22.4%) |
Sample 2: Low Prevalence of SMD: (2.8%) |
Between-group Comparisons |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | M | SD | % | n | M | SD | % | Confidence Interval | Effect Sizeb | p-valuec |
| Demographic | |||||||||||
| Age (yrs) | 67 | 5.1 | 1.5 | 72 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 0.59, 1.30 | 0.95 L | |||
| Gender (male) | 77.6 | 73.6 | 0.694 | ||||||||
| Parent Report-Risk Factors | |||||||||||
| Speech, Language, & Learning | |||||||||||
| Articulation/Phonology | 60 | 92.3 | 44 | 68.8 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Apraxia | 6 | 9.2 | 3 | 4.8 | 0.492 | ||||||
| Dysarthria | 3 | 4.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.244 | ||||||
| Receptive language disorder | 7 | 10.8 | 2 | 2.9 | 0.090 | ||||||
| Expressive language disorder | 17 | 26.2 | 3 | 4.8 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Structural disorder | 5 | 7.7 | 2 | 3.1 | 0.440 | ||||||
| Fluency disorder | 6 | 9.2 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.057 | ||||||
| Voice Disorder | 3 | 4.6 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.358 | ||||||
| Other Disorder | 4 | 6.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.058 | ||||||
| Learning disability | 3 | 4.5 | 3 | 4.2 | 1.000 | ||||||
| Hearing | |||||||||||
| History of hearing problems | 5 | 7.7 | 4 | 5.7 | 0.738 | ||||||
| OME 16+ in first 18 months | 2 | 3.4 | 4 | 6.8 | 0.679 | ||||||
| PE tubes placed | 11 | 16.4 | 9 | 12.5 | 0.630 | ||||||
| Genetics | |||||||||||
| Nuclear family member with | 32 | 49.2 | 31 | 46.3 | 0.862 | ||||||
| verbal trait disorder | |||||||||||
| Cognitive-Linguistic | |||||||||||
| Syllable Repetition Taskd | |||||||||||
| Performance | 66 | −1.16 | 1.42 | 71 | −0.58 | 1.02 | −0.81, −0.13 | −0.47 S | |||
| Encoding | 66 | −0.44 | 1.09 | 69 | −0.14 | 1.03 | −0.62, 0.06 | −0.28 | |||
| Memory | 67 | −1.01 | 1.78 | 72 | 0.13 | 0.81 | −1.18, −0.48 | −0.83 L | |||
| Language | |||||||||||
| Average Words/Utterance-Z | 67 | −1.38 | 1.14 | 72 | −1.94 | 1.03 | 0.18, 0.85 | 0.51 M | |||
| Speech | |||||||||||
| PCC | 67 | 80.6 | 11.2 | 72 | 70.0 | 9.6 | 0.66, 1.37 | 1.01 V | |||
| PCC-Z | 67 | −1.86 | 1.58 | 72 | −2.44 | 1.19 | 0.08, 0.75 | 0.41 S | |||
| PVC | 67 | 93.3 | 5.3 | 72 | 91.7 | 5.3 | −0.03, 0.63 | 0.30 | |||
| PVC-Z | 67 | −2.61 | 2.01 | 72 | −3.21 | 1.71 | −0.01, 0.66 | 0.32 | |||
| II | 67 | 94.4 | 7.2 | 72 | 88.5 | 8.9 | 0.38, 1.07 | 0.72 M | |||
| II-Z | 67 | −1.79 | 2.10 | 72 | −3.54 | 1.94 | 0.51, 1.21 | 0.86 L | |||
| OIIe: % Lowered Intelligibility | 10.4 | 23.6 | 0.046 | ||||||||
Notes: OME = Otitis Media with Effusion; PE = Pressure Equalization; PCC-Z = Percentage of Consonants Correct-Z-score; PVC = Percentage of Vowels Correct; PVC-Z = Percentage of Vowels Correct-Z-score; II-Z = Intelligibility Index-Z-score; OII = Ordinal Intelligibility Index.
a
See text for description of treatment histories for each group. Statistically significant findings are bolded.
b
Effect Size: Small (S) >0.2; Medium (M) >0.5; Large (L) >0.8; Very Large (V) >1.0.
c
Fisher’s exact tests.
e
Mabie and Shriberg (2017). Lowered intelligibility: <85%.